Readings

Question 1

Why do Black artists often not benefit from covers of their work

Answer 1

Paid in flat fees, sign away rights

Question 2

What is the argument for cover version

Answer 2

Unit of trade has been the song, not the performance. Covers are common practice in the music industry

Question 3

What song had 3 cover versions

Answer 3

“Davey Crocket’s Ballad”

Question 4

How does our current frame of reference influence opinion on cover version

Answer 4

The idea that the original performance is the “reference” is modern. (Example Sgt. Peppers)

Question 5

What makes cover versions different from other covers

Answer 5

note for note covers, often no stylistic or substantive changes

Question 6

What are three artists which sign at Sun after Elvis?

Answer 6

Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis

Question 7

What is Carl Perkins major Hit

Answer 7

Blue Suede Shoes

Question 8

When is Blue Suede Shoes released?

Answer 8

1956

Question 9

How is Carl Perkins’ career sidelined?

Answer 9

auto accident

Question 10

What radio program did Johnny Cash Frequent?

Answer 10

Louisiana Hayride

Question 11

Where is Louisiana Hayride based out of

Answer 11

Shreveport

Question 12

What are two johnny cash hits?

Answer 12

Folsom Prison Blues (C&W), I Walk the line C&W->Pop

Question 13

How many top 40 songs does cash release on sun?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

Where to Cash and Perkins move to

Answer 14

Columbia Records

Question 15

When do Cash and Perkins change labels

Answer 15

1957

Question 16

When do the Payola Hearings start?

Answer 16

1959

Question 17

What is Payola a proxy fight for?

Answer 17

Major Labels/Establishments vs Independent record companies.

Question 18

What are the two song writing unions

Answer 18

ASCAP (establishment) & BMI (R&B/Rock)

Question 19

what explanation is used to explain rock’s rise in popularity

Answer 19

Independent labels are bribing djs to get it played

Question 20

Why does the FCC get involved in Payola

Answer 20

DJs not acknowledging gifts, not reporting them on taxes

Question 21

What major DJs are investigated by Payola

Answer 21

Alan Freed, Dick Clark

Question 22

What are three examples of Aldon Music songwriting teams

Answer 22

King/Goffin, Weil/Mann, Sedaka/Greenfield

Question 23

What are the two major market segments identified by major labels in the in between years?

Answer 23

Older Boomers: Folk&Classical

Younger Boomers: Dance Craze/Teen Idols

Question 24

How often were new songs produced at Aldon?

Answer 24

Every day

Question 25

What program was responsible for the rise of Dance Craze?

Answer 25

American Bandstand

Question 26

What is the format of American Bandstand

Answer 26

A bunch of teens dancing on TV to current hits, occasional guest performances

Question 27

When did Bandstand debut?

Answer 27

1952 on WFIL (Philidelphia)

Question 28

Who originally hosted Bandstand?

Answer 28

Bob Horn

Question 29

When was Bandstand aired nationally

Answer 29

1957

Question 30

Who hosted Bandstand

Answer 30

Dick Clark

Question 31

How did bandstand help teen idols

Answer 31

No singing (lip synced performances)

Question 32

What song does Dick Clark introduce on Bandstand in 1960

Answer 32

The Twist (cover by Ernest Evans)

Question 33

What lounge in NYC was known for doing the twist

Answer 33

Peppermint Lounge

Question 34

What impact did Bandstand have on youth culture

Answer 34

Enforced youth culture as a national identity

Question 35

What impact did Bandstand have on adults

Answer 35

Made rock music acceptable (especially the twist)

Question 36

What are two examples of producers?

Answer 36

Phil Spector, Leiber and Stoller

Question 37

What is the precursor of the producer?

Answer 37

The Artists and Repetoire man (responsible for getting session musicians and arranging them)

Question 38

How does A&R shift to producers

Answer 38

Rise of recording tech gives more creative control to A&R. They become experts in shifting sound

Question 39

What was the first succesful producer

Answer 39

Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller

Question 40

How do producers change the influence of recording

Answer 40

Recordings are art in themselves

Question 41

What is Sweet Soul

Answer 41

softer version of black pop, great for crossover

Question 42

what producers were responsible for sweet soul

Answer 42

Leiber Stoller

Question 43

What are the influences of Sweet Soul?

Answer 43

gospel music

Question 44

How does Sam Cooke deviate from other black pop artists

Answer 44

incorporates black influences into his music

Question 45

how many top 40 singles did Sam Cook have between 57 and 65

Answer 45

29

Question 46

Who preceded Sam Cook

Answer 46

Ray Charles - proved gospel had mainstream appeal

Question 47

What was Sam Cooke's original stage name?

Answer 47

Dale Cooke

Question 48

Why did Sam Cooke use a pseudonym

Answer 48

wanted to test the water before committing to Pop

Question 49

What is the nickname for pop songs whose lyrics romanticize death?

Answer 49

Splatter Platters

Question 50

What are two examples of Splatter Platters

Answer 50

Teen Angel, Leader of the Pack

Question 51

Who produces leader of the pack

Answer 51

Leiber and Stoller

Question 52

What is the narrative of leader of the pack

Answer 52

motorcycle boy killed in motorcycle crash