Readings in Philippine History Flashcards
(175 cards)
1
Q
It is the study of the past as it is described in written documents.
A
History
2
Q
The greek word meaning “inquiry” knowledge acquired by investigation.
A
Historia
3
Q
Events before written record.
It is an umbrella term that relates to past events.
A
Prehistory
4
Q
Said that History is not ‘what happened in the past’; rather, it is the act of selecting, analyzing, and writing the past.
A
Davidson and Lyle
5
Q
Said that History as broadly defined, as encompasses the entire scope of the human experience on this planet.
A
Ford
6
Q
“To be ignorant of the past is to remain always a child.”
A
Marcus Tullius Cicero
7
Q
“Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”
A
George Santayana
8
Q
History is not a burden on the memory, but an illumination of the soul.
A
John Dalberg Acton
9
Q
History is written by the victors
A
Winston Churchill
10
Q
A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
A
Marcus Garvey
11
Q
There is no future without memory
A
Jacques Chirac
12
Q
The study of the past with one eye upon the present is the source of all sins and sophistries in history. It is the essence of what we mean by the “unhistorical”.
A
Herbert Butterfield
13
Q
I shall relate quite simply how things happened and without adding anything of my own, which is no small feat for an historian.”
A
Francois-Marie Arouet “Voltaire
14
Q
The historian without his facts is rootless and futile; the facts without their historian are dead and meaningless.
A
Edward Hallet Carr
15
Q
In your travel, learn the brief history of the place visited. History is rich knowledge.
A
Lailah Gifty Akiya
16
Q
“History teaches us that man learns nothing from history.”
A
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
17
Q
Life can only be understood backwards but it must be lived forward.
A
Soren Kierkegaard
18
Q
Writers are historians too. It is in literature that the greater truths about a people and their past are found
A
Francisco Sionil Jose
19
Q
We are not makers of history. We are made by history.
A
Martín Luther King, Jr.
20
Q
History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon.
A
Napoleon Bonaparte
21
Q
History never looks like history when you are living through it.
A
John W. Gardner
22
Q
Fear history for it respects no secrets.
A
Gregoria de Jesus
23
Q
These refer to handwritten, printed, drawn, designed, and other composed materials.
A
Documents
24
Q
These refer to preserved remains of human beings, their activities, and the environment where they lived.
A
Archaeological Records
25
These are the third kind of historical source. These are audio-visual documentation of people, events, and places.
Oral and Video Account
26
These refer to documents, physical objects, and oral/video accounts made by an individual; or a group present at the time and place being described.
Primary Sources
27
These are materials made by people long after the events being described had taken place.
Secondary Sources
28
Answers concerns and questions pertinent to the authenticity of a historical source by identifying who composed the historical material, locating when and where the historical material was produced, and establishing the material's evidential value.
External Criticism
29
Deals with the credibility and reliability of the content of a given historical source.
Internal Criticism
30
It has a complete microfilm copies of the Philippine Revolutionary Records, compilation of captured documents of Emilio Aguinaldo's revolutionary government, and Historical Data Papers.
National Library
31
It holds a substantial collection of catalogued and uncatalogued Spanish documents about the Philippines composed from 1552-1900.
National Archives
32
a. University of the Philippines
b. Ateneo de Manila
c. UST
d. San Carlos
Academic Institutions
33
a. Ayala Museum
b. Lopez Museum
c. Religious Congregations
Privately Owned Museums and Archives
34
Harvard University, US National Archives, Archivo General de Indias in Spain.
Outside the Philippines
35
Primary tool of understanding and interpreting the past.
historical sources
36
It is a technique that help to analyze the actual content and it is features of any kind.
Content Analysis
37
It helps us to assess text within the context of its historical and cultural setting, and its textuality.
Contextual Analysis
38
The systematic study of social, political, economic, philosophical, religious, and aesthetic conditions that were in place at the time and place when the text was created.
Cultural Archaeology
39
Date of The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed.
June 12, 1898
40
Year of when the Philippine Revolution began
1896
41
Who sailed from Hongkong to Manila Bay leading a squadron of US Navy ships.
Commodore George Dewey
42
Date of when the US defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay.
May 1, 1898
43
Date when Independence was proclaimed.
June 12, 1898
44
The national anthem of the Philippines
Marcha Filipina Magdalo or Lupang Hinirang
45
Composed and Played the Lupang Hinirang
Julián Felipe and San Francisco de Malabon marching band.
46
Who prepared, written and read the Act of the Declaration of Independence in Spanish.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista
47
How many people signed the Declaration
98 people
48
The Philippine Revolutionary Government did not recognize the treaty or American sovereignty, and subsequently fought and lost a conflict with United States.
Philippine-American War
49
Following World War II, the US granted Independence to the Philippines on July 4, 1946 via ____________
The Treaty of Manila
50
When did President Diosdado Macapagal signed into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as Independence Day
1964
51
The Father of History
Herodotus
52
Who made the Philippine Flag
Marcela Agoncillo
Lorenza Agoncillo
Delfina Herboza
53
Old name of Kawit
Cavite el Viejo
54
Secondary sources can not have the prejudice of the author.
False
55
Biography is a primary source
False
56
Time when Independence was proclaimed
4 and 5 in the afternoon
57
The first inhabitants that emerged in the Philippines during the Pleistocene period.
The First Filipinos
58
The theory made by Beyer that believed that the inhabitants were Dawnmen came to the Philippines looking for food by way of the land bridges that connected the Philippines and Indonesia.
Migration Theory
59
Another name for Dawnmen because they lived in caves.
Cavemen
60
A second group of migrants that are composed of dark-skinned pygmies.
They were pygmies who went around practically naked and are good at hunting.
Aetos or Negritoes
61
They were brown-skinned and of medium height, with straight back hair and flat nose.
Last to migrate to the Philippines.
The Malays
62
Renowned Filipino anthropologist that disputed
Beyer’s belief that Filipinos descended from Negritoes and Malays
who migrated to the Philippines thousands of years ago.
Felipe Landa Jocano
63
who said to resemble Peking Man and Java Man
Tabon Man
64
Instead of the Migration Theory, Jocano advances this theory as a better explanation of how our country was first inhabited by human beings, He believes that the first people of Southeast Asia were products of a long process of evolution and migration. His research indicates that they shared more or less the same culture, beliefs, practices an even similar tools and implements.
Evolution Theory
65
- Parody of "Sign of the Cross"
- Ang tanda nang cara-i-cruz ang ipangadya mo sa amin Panginoon naming Fraile sa manga bangkay naming, sa ngalan nang Salapi at nang Maputing binte, at nang Espiritung Bugaw. Siya naua.
Ang Tanda ng Cara-I-Cruz
66
- Parody of "The Act of Contrition"
- Dios na hindi totoo at labis nang pagkatuo gumaga at sumalacay sa akin: pinagsisihan kong masakit sa tanang loobang dilang
pag-asa ko sa iyo, ikaw nga ang berdugo ko.
Panginoon kong Fraile
67
- Parody of "Our Father"
- Amain naming sumasaconvento ka, sumpain ang ngalan mo, malayo sa amin ang kasakiman mo, quitlin ang liig mo ditto
sa lupa para nang sa langit. Saulan mo cami ngayon nang aming kaning iyonh inaraoarao at patauanin mo kami sa
iyong pagungal para nang pag papataua mo kung kami nacucualtahan; at huag mo kaming ipahintulot sa iyong manunukso at iadya mo kami sa masama mong dila.
Amain Namin
68
- Parody of "Hail Mary"
- Aba guinoong Baria nakapupuno ka nang alcancia ang Fraile’I sumasainyo bukod ka niyang pinagpala’t pina higuit sa lahat, pinagpala naman ang kaban mong mapasok. Santa Baria Ina nand Deretsos, ipanalangin mo kaming huag anitan ngayon at cami ipapatay. Siya naua.
Aba Guinoong Barya
69
- Parody of "The Ten Commandments"
- Itong sampong utos nang Fraile’I dalaua ang kinaoouian.
- Ang nauna: Sambahin mo ang Fraile na lalo sa lahat.
- Ang ikalaua: Huag kang mag papahamak manuba nang ngalang deretsos.
Ang ikatlo: Mangilin ka sa Fraile lingo man at fiesta.
Ang ikapat: Isangla mo ang catauan mo sa pagpapalibing sa ama’t ina
Ang ikalima: Huag kang mamamatay kung uala pang salaping pang libing
Ang ikanim: Huag kang makiapid sa kanyang asaua.
Ang ikapito: Huag kang makinakaw.
Ang ikaualo: Huag mo silang pagbibintangan, kahit ka masinungalingan.
Ang ikasiyam: Huag mong ipagkait ang iyong asaua.
Ang ikapulo: Huag mong itangui ang iyong ari.
Ang Mga Utos ng Fraile
70
-25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his death.
-McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War.
-McKinley served in the Civil War and rose from private to brevet major.
In 1876, he was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party's expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity.
William Mckinley
71
The U.S. have "come, not as invaders or conquerors, but as friends, to protect the
natives in their homes, in their employment, and in their personal and religious rights."
Benevolent Assimilation
72
The proclamation was sent to_________
General Elwell Otis (U.S. military
commander in the Philippines)
73
He sent Emilio Aguinaldo a version of the proclamation which he bowdlerized by removing the mention of U.S. sovereignty "to stress our benevolent purpose" and not "offend Filipino sensibilities" by substituting "free people" for "supremacy of the United States," and deleting "to exercise future domination".
Otis
74
When did Aguinaldo had proclaimed an insurgent dictatorial government in the Philippines?
May 24, 1898
75
When did the dictatorial government changed to a revolutionary one?
June 23, 1898-
76
Who did Otis sent an unaltered copy of the proclamation to?
General Marcus Miller
77
It granted U.S. citizens and corporations
rights to Philippine natural resources equal
to (in parity with) those of Philippine citizens, contrary to Article XIII in the 1935
Philippine Constitution, necessitating a
constitutional amendment.
Parity Rights
78
An act passed by the United States Congress specifying policy governing trade between the Philippines and the United States following independence of the Philippines from the United States.
The Bell Trade Act of 1946, also known as the Philippine Trade Act.
79
The fixed exchange rate between the Philippine peso and the United States dollar.
2:1
80
This treaty revised the Bell Trade Act in 1955.
This treaty abolished the United States authority to control the exchange rate of the peso, made parity privileges reciprocal,
extended the sugar quota, and extended the time period for the reduction of other quotas and for the progressive application of tariffs on Philippine goods exported to the United States.
the Laurel–Langley Agreement
81
U.S. exports to the Philippines and Philippine exports to the U.S. (with the exception of those Philippine exports covered in Article II) shall pay no duty until July 4, 1954. Duties on these items shall then be 5% of the regular duties from July 4
to December 31, 1954; 10% during calendar year 1955; and 5% more of the regular duty each year until 1973, when the full duty shall be paid.
Article I.
82
1,) Absolute quotas are placed on the amount of sugar, cordage (rope), rice, cigars, scrap tobacco, coconut oil, and buttons of pearl or shell that can enter the U.S. from the Philippines.
2.) For the cigars and buttons of pearl, the importation to the U.S. shall be duty-free until July 4, 1954 and then a decreasing percentage of the imports shall be duty-free each year until 1973,when the regular duty must be paid on the full amount imported.
3.) The quotas in paragraph 1 and 2 (for all the items except rice) shall be allocated annually by the Philippine Government to manufacturers in the Philippines proportionate to their 1940 exports of the item to the U.S. or for sugar, to their 1931-33 production.
4.) 4. The allocated quotas in paragraph 3 may be transferred or sold.
Article II
83
The U.S. may establish quotas on imports of other Philippine articles imported to the U.S. if the U.S. president determines that these articles substantially compete with U.S. products. Such quotas will be set at a level not less than the amount of the article imported into the U.S from the Philippines in the previous twelve months.
Article III.
84
No export tax shall be imposed or collected by the U.S. on articles exported to the Philippines, or by the Philippines on articles exported to the U.S.
Article IV.
85
The value of Philippine currency in relation to the U.S. dollar shall not be changed, the convertibility of the Philippine pesos into the U.S. dollar shall not be suspended, and no restrictions shall be imposed on the transfer of funds from the Philippines to the U.S. except by agreement with the U.S.
President
Article V.
86
The disposition, exploitation, development, and utilization of all agricultural, timber, and mineral lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces and sources of potential energy, and other natural resources of the Philippines, and the operation of public utilities, shall, if open to any person, be open to citizens of the U.S. and to all forms of business enterprise owned or controlled, directly or indirectly,
by U.S. citizens.
Article VII.
87
The Government of the Philippines will promptly take such steps as are necessary to secure the amendment of the
Constitution of the Philippines so as to permit the taking effect as laws of the Philippines of such part of the provisions
of Paragraph 1 of this Article as is in conflict with such constitution before such amendment.
Article VII
88
This Agreement shall have no effect after July 4, 1974. It may be terminated by either the U.S. or the Philippines at any time, upon not less than five years' written notice. If the president of the U.S. or the President of the Philippines determines and proclaims that the other country has adopted or applied measures or practices which would operate to nullify or impair any right or obligation provided for in this
agreement, the the Agreement may be terminated upon not less than six months' written notice.
If the President of the United States determines that a reasonable time for the making of the Amendment to the Constitution of the Philippines referred to in Paragraph 2 of Article VII has elapsed, but that such amendment has not
been made, he shall so proclaim and this Agreement shall have no effect after the date of such proclamation.
Article X
89
Parity rights had its plebiscite in what year?
1947
90
It is a charter charge of the freedom construction
91
The total amount of votes in the plebiscite
1 Million
92
promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition, and in 1900, he secured the passage of the Silver Standard Act.
William McKinley
93
The Philippine Congress approved the measure on July 8, two days before independence from the United States of America.
False, July 2
94
The Ambush of Juan Ponce de Leon is one of the Political Milieus which triggered the proclamation of Martial law.
95
as a political action against the State agent (usually a warden) who holds the defendant in custody.
habeas petition
96
Presidential Decree No. 27 implemented during Martial Law
True
97
The establishment of the Communist Party of the Philippines by Jose Maria dela Torre is one of the Political Milieus which triggered the proclamation of Martial law.
False, it was Jose Maria Sison
98
The Ministry of Social Services and Development was established during the Martial law period.
99
Ferdinand Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1088 placing the entire country under Martial law.
True
100
Martial Law in its comprehensive sense, includes all laws that have reference to and administered by the military forces of the State.
True
101
The Indonesians were more advanced than the Aetas.
True
102
Aguinaldo had proclaimed an insurgent dictatorial government in the Philippines in May 24, 1898.
True
103
Slow economic growth marked McKinley's presidency.
104
1891 and 1893, William McKinley was elected as governor of California.
False, Ohio
105
In the British Parliament, the Head of State is _________, he/she unites and is a symbol or figure. Cannot create laws.
The monarch
106
In the British Parliament, the Head of Government is _________,
The Prime Ministers
107
In the Philippines, there is a fusion or someone that is both Head of State and Head of Government called ________
108
2 forms of 1899 Parliament
1.) British Parliament
2.) French Parliament
109
The British Parliament adopts what Parliament?
1899 Parliament
110
The French Parliament adopts what parliament?
1973 Parliamentary
111
In Spain, the president is the
Cheir Executive of Spain of the Government/Prime Minister.
112
2 types of Constitution
Written
Unwritten
113
The Unwritten Constitution of English is now
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
114
Federal
Bossism
Land lordism
115
The United States Congress offered $900 million for post-World War II rebuilding funds if the Bell Trade Act was ratified by the Philippine Congress.
False, it's 800
116
Bolster developed the Philippine Geothermal plant in Tiwi, Albay, Mt. Makiling & Mt. Banahaw in Laguna during the Martial law period.
True
117
The third wave of migrants were who came to the islands in boats.
Indonesians
118
According to Jocano, the only thing that can positively concluded from fossil evidence, he says is that the first men who came to the Philippines also went to New Guinea, Java, Borneo, and Australia.
True
119
General Elwell Otis was U.S. military commander in the Philippines.
False, he was a Military Govenor
120
Otis censored the Benevolent Assimilation proclamation by not "offend Filipino sensibilities" by substituting "free people" for "supremacy of the United States"and by deleting "to exercise future domination".
True
121
In June 23, 1898 the government was changed from dictatorial government to a revolutionary.
True
122
General Otis had also sent an unaltered copy of the proclamation to General Marcus Miller in Iloilo City.
True
123
The Bell Act, particularly the parity clause, was seen by supporters as an inexcusable surrender of national sovereignty.
False, it was by critics
124
The pressure of the sugar barons, particularly those of President Roxas's home region of Eastern Visayas, and other landowner interests, however, was irresistible.
True
125
"What is an ideal constitution?"
Political Philosophy
126
President McKinley in Dec. 21, 1899 issued the Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation.
False, it was in 1898
127
William McKinley served in the Civil War and rose from private to major general.
False he rose to Beret general
128
3 powers of the state
1. Eminent Domain
2. Taxation
3. Police Power
129
acts like a court but it is not. Ex: Comelec
Quasi judicial body
130
The Indonesians used tools made out of stone and steel, which enabled them to build sturdier houses.
TRUE
131
Aguinaldo had proclaimed an insurgent dictatorial government in the Philippines in May 24, 1898.
TRUE
132
The plebiscite was held on March 11, 1947 and voters approved the amendment 79% to 21%. What percent of voters participated in the plebiscite?
Fourty percent
133
The definition of three-quarters had to be settled because three-quarters of the sitting members, not the full House and Senate had approved the amendment.
TRUE
134
Parity rights was contrary to Article XIV in the 1935 Philippine Constitution, necessitating a constitutional amendment.
False, Article XIII
135
About 300,000 years ago, Negritoes crossed the land bridged from Malaya, Borneo, and Australia until they reached Palawan, Mindoro and Mindanao.
TRUE
136
The thinning of the ice glaciers and the subsequent increase in seawater level events forced them to remain in the country and become its first permanent inhabitants.
TRUE
137
Jocano’s research indicates that they shared more or less the same culture, beliefs, practices an even similar tools and implements.
TRUE
138
General Marcus Miller was unaware that an altered version had been sent to Aguinaldo.
True
139
President McKinley in 1903 gave an account of how he arrived at the decision to retain the Philippines to the delegation of Methodist dignitaries who came to see him.
False
140
William McKinley believed that there was nothing left to do but take the entire Philippines.
True
141
William McKinley served as US President from March 4, 1898 until his death.
False, 1897
142
Martial Law includes the military laws enacted by the law-making body for the government of the armed forces and the rules governing the conduct of military forces in times of war and in place under military occupation.
True
143
The establishment of Moro International Liberation Front is one of the Political Milieus which triggered the proclamation of Martial law.
True
144
The writ of habeas corpus was implemented during the period of Martial law.
False it was suspended
145
National Economic & Development Authority (NEDA) was established during martial law
False
146
Ferdinand Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1088 placing the entire country under Martial law.
False, Proclamation No. 1081
147
Privacy of Communication (Bill of Rights)
Section 3
148
Separation of Church and Government (Bill of Rights)
Section 5
149
Freedom of Speech (Bill of Rights)
Section 4
150
No Private Property for Public Use
Section 9.
151
No ex facto law or bill of attainer
Section 22
152
No person shall be in jeopardy of punishment twice for the same crime.
Section 21
153
Owing perhaps to their migratory nature, the Dawnmen eventually stayed in the Philippines.
False, they left for unknown destinations.
154
Many historians and scientists believe that the third inhabitants of the Philippine islands emerged during the Pleistocene period.
False, first inhabitants
155
Indones were pygmies who went around practically naked and were good at hunting, fishing and food gathering.
False, Negritoes
156
William McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict, but when negotiation failed, he led the nation in the Spanish – American War of 1899.
True
157
On September 18, 1949 the Bell Trade Act was approved in a plebiscite to amend the Constitution of the Philippines.
False, it was 1946
158
The 3/4 vote was obtained only by the denial of seats in the House to six members of the leftist Democratic Alliance and three from the Nacionalista Party on grounds of fraud and violent campaign tactics during the April 1946 election.
True
159
Parity rights granted U.S. citizens and corporations rights to Philippine natural resources unequal to those of Philippine citizens.
False, resources EQUAL
160
Social Security System (SSS), Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), and Pagtutulungan sa Kinabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko, Industria at Gobyerno (PAG-IBIG) were established during the Martial law period.
True
161
Presidential Decree No. 27 was commonly known as Emancipation of Tenants from the Bondage of the Soil, Transferring to Them the Ownership of the Land They Till and Providing the Instruments and Mechanism .
True
162
It is used to bring a prisoner or other detainee before the court to determine if the person’s imprisonment or detention is lawful.
Writ of Habeas Corpus
163
Construction of the 1st nuclear plant in the Philippine in Morong, Bataan was conceived during the Martial law period.
True
164
Austronesian
165
Manifest Destiny
166
White Man's Burden
167
Agrarian Reform
168
Kilalang Inquilon sa Sanaysay ng Filipino
Francisco Mondera
169
Hashindero
170
Patron-Client
171
Kasama System
172
Communal Lands
173
Buwisan Systems
174
Inquilino
175
Kasama (T-Farmers)
