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Reagents Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of PCl in organic reactions?

A

Converts alcohols into alkyl chlorides

PCl is commonly used for converting alcohols to alkyl halides.

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2
Q

What does PBr3 do in organic synthesis?

A

Converts alcohols into alkyl bromides

PBr3 is a reagent for halogenating alcohols.

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3
Q

What is the outcome of using H3PO2 in reactions?

A

Reduces diazonium chloride into benzene

H3PO2 is commonly known as phosphorous acid.

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4
Q

Which reagent is used for the alkylation of benzene?

A

Alkyl halides

Alkyl halides react with benzene in the presence of a catalyst to form alkylated products.

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5
Q

What does the reaction of benzene with Br2/FeBr3 produce?

A

Bromobenzene

This is a typical electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: Alcohols can be converted into _______ using concentrated H2SO4.

A

Alkenes

This is achieved through dehydration of alcohols.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of diazotisation in organic chemistry?

A

To convert amines into diazonium salts

Diazotisation is a key step in preparing aryl compounds.

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8
Q

True or False: NaOH can convert alkyl halides into alkanes.

A

True

This reaction typically involves a nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

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9
Q

What is the role of NaBH4 in organic synthesis?

A

Reduces aldehydes and ketones to alcohols

NaBH4 is a milder reducing agent compared to LiAlH4.

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10
Q

What does the reaction of ketones with H2/Pd produce?

A

Alkane

This reaction involves hydrogenation of the alcohol.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The conversion of phenol to sodium phenoxide requires _______.

A

Sodium

This reaction is a typical acid-base reaction.

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12
Q

What is the result of acylation on phenol?

A

Formation of phenyl esters

Acylation typically involves the introduction of an acyl group.

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13
Q

What does the reaction of cumene yield?

A

Phenol

Cumene is oxidized to yield phenol via a specific process.

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14
Q

What is the function of alcoholic KOH in organic reactions?

A

Converts alkyl halides to alcohols

Alcoholic KOH facilitates the elimination reaction.

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15
Q

List the products of nitration of benzene.

A
  • Nitrobenzene
  • Can lead to further substitutions

Nitration involves the introduction of a nitro group onto the benzene ring.

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16
Q

Which reagent is used for the conversion of alkenes into alcohols?

A

BH3/H2O/OH

This reaction typically follows hydroboration-oxidation.

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17
Q

What does the reaction with AgF produce?

A

Alkyl fluorides

AgF is used to introduce fluorine into organic compounds.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The conversion of alcohols into ethers can be achieved using _______.

A

Concentrated H2SO4

This reaction typically involves the dehydration of alcohols.

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19
Q

What is the outcome of using H2SO4/HNO3 on benzene?

A

Nitration of benzene

This process introduces a nitro group onto the aromatic ring.

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20
Q

At what temperature are alcohol converted into ethers by conc. H2SO4

A

410K

This process typically involves the dehydration of alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst.

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21
Q

What reagent is used for the conversion of primary alcohols into alkenes?

A

Conc. H2SO4 at 443K

Tertiary alcohols undergo dehydration to form alkenes under acidic conditions.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The conversion of tertiary alcohols into alkenes typically requires _______.

A

80% conc. H3PO4

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23
Q

What is the process to convert aldehydes and ketones into alcohols?

A

Reduction

Common reducing agents include NaBH4 and LiAlH4.

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24
Q

What is the method for converting phenols into sodium phenoxide?

A

Reaction with sodium

Sodium reacts with phenols to form sodium phenoxide.

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25
What is the result of acylation on phenol?
Phenolic esters ## Footnote Acylation introduces an acyl group into the phenol structure.
26
True or False: Alkyl halides can be converted directly into alkanes.
True ## Footnote This is often achieved through reduction reactions.
27
What reaction converts cumene to phenol?
Hydrolysis ## Footnote Cumene hydroperoxide is decomposed to yield phenol.
28
What type of product is formed from the reaction of alkenes with H2 and a catalyst?
Alkanes ## Footnote This is known as hydrogenation of alkenes.
29
What is the role of H2/Pd in organic reactions?
Reduction ## Footnote H2/Pd is commonly used to reduce alkenes and carbonyl compounds.
30
Fill in the blank: The nitration of benzene is achieved using _______ and _______.
H2SO4, HNO3
31
What is the outcome of the sulphonation of benzene?
Benzene sulfonic acid ## Footnote This process introduces a sulfonic acid group onto the benzene ring.
32
What is the product of the reaction of alkyl halides with AgF?
Alkyl fluorides ## Footnote This reaction results in the formation of alkyl fluorides from alkyl halides.
33
What is the purpose of using NaOH in organic synthesis?
Base for reactions ## Footnote NaOH can act as a strong base in various organic reactions.
34
Name the catalyst used for bromination of benzene?
Br2/FeBr3 ## Footnote Bromination introduces a bromine atom to the benzene ring.
35
What reagent is used for the alkylation of benzene?
Alkyl halide and AlCl3 ## Footnote This is a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction.
36
What is the process for converting isocyanides into amines?
Hydrolysis ## Footnote Isocyanides can be converted to amines through hydrolysis.
37
Fill in the blank: The conversion of alkenes into alcohols can be achieved through _______ reactions.
Hydration
38
What happens during the acylation of benzene?
Formation of ketones ## Footnote Acylation introduces an acyl group, resulting in ketone formation.
39
What is the reagent used in the nitration of benzene?
H₂SO₄/HNO₃ ## Footnote Commonly used reagents for nitration reactions.
40
What is the process of converting alkenes into alcohols called?
Hydration ## Footnote This can involve various methods, including acid-catalyzed reactions.
41
What reagent is used to reduce aldehydes and ketones into alcohols?
NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄ (LAH) ## Footnote These are common reducing agents in organic chemistry.
42
Fill in the blank: The conversion of primary alcohols into _______ involves dehydration.
Alkenes ## Footnote This process typically requires an acid catalyst.
43
What is the product of the reaction of cumene in the phenol production process?
Phenol ## Footnote Cumene is oxidized to produce phenol and acetone.
44
What is the outcome of the acylation of phenol?
Phenolic esters ## Footnote This reaction introduces an acyl group to the phenol.
45
True or False: Alcohols can be converted into ethers.
True ## Footnote This transformation is known as etherification.
46
What is the reaction of alcohol or phenol with sodium called?
Formation of sodium alkoxide or phenoxide ## Footnote This reaction is used to generate reactive intermediates.
47
What type of alcohol is converted into an alkene through dehydration?
Tertiary alcohol ## Footnote Tertiary alcohols dehydrate more readily than primary or secondary alcohols.
48
What is the process of converting alkyl halides into alcohols called?
Nucleophilic substitution ## Footnote This can involve reactions with hydroxide ions.
49
What is the significance of the anti-Markownikoff product in hydration?
Formation of alcohol from alkenes ## Footnote This refers to the regioselectivity in certain hydration reactions.
50
Fill in the blank: The reduction of nitriles and isocyanides yields _______.
Amines ## Footnote This is a common transformation in organic synthesis.
51
Which methods are used for the sulfonation of benzene?
H₂SO₄ ## Footnote This introduces a sulfonic acid group onto the benzene ring.
52
What is the reagent used for alcoholic KOH reactions?
KOH in alcohol ## Footnote This is typically used for elimination reactions.
53
What is the outcome of the reaction of secondary alcohols under dehydration conditions?
Alkenes ## Footnote Secondary alcohols can also undergo elimination to form alkenes.
54
What does the conversion of aldehydes and ketones into alcohols involve?
Reduction reactions ## Footnote This typically uses reducing agents like NaBH₄ or LiAlH₄.
55
What is the process of reducing aldehydes and ketones?
Reduction of aldehydes, ketones into alcohols ## Footnote This refers to the transformation of carbonyl compounds into their corresponding alcohols.
56
What is the conversion of cumene to?
Phenol ## Footnote Cumene is oxidized to produce phenol, a key industrial chemical.
57
What is produced when alcohol or phenol reacts with sodium?
Sodium alkoxide/Phenoxide ## Footnote This reaction forms alkoxide ions which are important in organic synthesis.
58
What type of acylation occurs on phenol?
O acylation ## Footnote This involves the introduction of an acyl group onto the oxygen of the phenol.
59
What type of acylation occurs on aniline?
N acylation ## Footnote This involves the introduction of an acyl group onto the nitrogen of the aniline.
60
How can primary alcohols be converted?
Into alkenes ## Footnote This conversion typically involves dehydration reactions.
61
What is the conversion of alcohols into?
Ethers ## Footnote This can be achieved through reactions such as the Williamson ether synthesis.
62
How can secondary alcohols be transformed?
Into alkenes ## Footnote This transformation is usually done via dehydration.
63
How can tertiary alcohols be converted?
Into alkenes ## Footnote Tertiary alcohols can undergo elimination reactions to form alkenes.
64
What can alkyl halides be converted into?
Alkenes ## Footnote This conversion typically involves elimination reactions such as dehydrohalogenation.

Organic Chemistry (1 decks)

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