realism (intro & history)

Question 1

what kind of theory is realism

Answer 1

hegemonic

Question 2

what is the regular condition of international system according to realist theory?

Answer 2

state of war (defended by realism)

Question 3

who originated the CLASSICAL THEORY OF REALISM

Answer 3

Thucydides

Question 4

what is Thucydides trap?

Answer 4

war emerges bc of fear of an emerging power taking away existing hegemonic power ie. disrupting the balance of power

Question 5

what is pax romana/augusta? (roman peace)
explain concept

Answer 5

200 yr long golden age of peace in Roman empire

concept: universal state civilization

Question 6

why did thucydidian realism decline?

Answer 6

1. pax romana/augistina (universal state civilization)
2. chinese & roman power of the time never interacted ie no rise of balance of power
3. spead of christianity & christian universalism

Question 7

according to machiavelli, what are prince’s duties

Answer 7

1. protect his power
2. protect his subjects

Question 8

what is normal condition in world affairs

Answer 8

war; every solution, victory or compromise is a preperation for another war

Question 9

source of international anarchy? (according to hobbes)

Answer 9

internal order

creating a dilemma between the two

Question 10

main reasons for rivalry & competition among states (acc to hobbes)

Answer 10

1. independence
2. jealousy

Question 11

what is leviathan over leviathan?

Answer 11

leviathan= state
leviathan over leviathan= state ruling over another state ie international govt which is impossible

Question 12

when and how did thirty year war end?

Answer 12

lasted from 1618-1648
ended with TREATY OF WESTPHALIA (foundation of present international law)

Question 13

essential principles of Treaty of Westphalia

Answer 13

3 principles
1. whose realm, his religion : religion is internal affair and cannot be fought over ie. NON INTERFERENCE
2. all nations are equal and independent; king’s an emperor in his. ie. SOVEREIGNTY
3. no one can be stronger than other ie. BALANCE OF POWER
+ collab to fight over whenever one state wants dominance (eg WW)

Question 14

where did Thucydides trap emerge from

Answer 14

pelopponesian war

Question 15

features of realist school

Answer 15

1. state centric
2. state of anarchy
3. states depend on self help
4. main goal= survival
5. survival through= increasing power
6. security dilemma
7. power is a “zero sum game”

Question 16

what’s 3 S’s of realsim

Answer 16

stateism: neglects importance of other actors
security
self help

Question 17

what and who gave idea of Vijigishu

Answer 17

Kautilya
it means (ever hungry to acquire power)

Question 18

who wrote ART OF WAR

Answer 18

sun tzu, also gave guerilla warfare among many war strategies

Question 19

different schools of realsim

Answer 19

1. classical
2. neo realism
   2.1 defensive
   2.2 offensive
   2.3 neo classical realism

Question 20

morgenthau’s main view

Answer 20

1. gave systemic view of realism in IP
2. influenced by machiavelli
3. supported classical realism

Question 21

in 1948, morganthau wrote

Answer 21

politics among nations

Question 22

what’re the 6 principles of realism by morganthau

Answer 22

1. man is ANIMUS DOMANDI ie power seeking
2. national interest through security, security through power
3. national interest & power is highly dynamic
4. pragmatic is ethics of politics
5. difference between moral aspirations of a nation & universal moral principles
6. IP is autonomous: not ethics, not law, not econ

Question 23

3 classifications of countries on basis of morganthau foreign policy

Answer 23

1. STATUS QUO- benefits from present system eg US
2. REVISIONISTS -change the system (china)
3. IMPERIALIST (germany under hitler )

Question 24

3 critics of morhanthau

Answer 24

1. kenneth waltz: not scientific
2. Benno wasserman: human nature not scientific
3. stanley hoffman: ‘power monism’

Question 25

synonym of neo realism

Answer 25

1. structural (shift from nature to structure) 2. scientific (kenneth waltz)

Question 26

kenneth watlz's book name that was published in 1979

Answer 26

the theory of international politics wrote to prove that realism is "timeless wisdom"

Question 27

what is detente

Answer 27

a relaxing of tension phase during cold war

Question 28

what are the prominent ideas of waltz on IP

Answer 28

comparison of domestic & world pol to understand impact of anarchy 1. security dilemma: need of arms 2. functional differentiation: dom 3 branches of gov 3. capabilities determine polarity & denotes power no freedom to actors

Question 29

difference between waltz and mearshiemer

Answer 29

waltz was defensive (security maximizers), counter coalition, power enough for defense mearschiemer is offensive (power maximizers), no amount of power is enough, closer to morganthau against 'bandwagoning'

Question 30

2001 publication of mearshiemer

Answer 30

the tragedy of great power politics

Question 31

mearshiemer' observation on US- China

Answer 31

1. china is challenge to US hegemony 2. foolish of US to support china 3. foolish of US to accept "peaceful rise" discourse

Question 32

mearsheimer's policies

Answer 32

1. direct 1.1 war 1.2 blackmailing 2. indirect a. buck passing: "swing state" b. bait & bleed c. blood letting

Question 33

critics of structural

Answer 33

1. no scope for dem politics 2. focus too much on security 3. role of non state actors

Question 34

whats neo classical realism, name a few proponents

Answer 34

include actor level analysis along w structure 1. fareed Zakaria 2. gideon rose 3. randall shwellar

Question 35

basis of 3rd world realism

Answer 35

1. eurocentrism 2. insecurity dilemma (by mohammad ayub)

Question 36

models of power polarity

Answer 36

1. uni: stable but unlikely 2. bi: stable & likely, predictable 3. multi: unstable & likely, unpredictable