Realism Vs Liberalism

Question 1

Liberalism: Central Problem and Solution

Answer 1

War / Solution: Establishment of peace

Question 2

Liberalism: Human Nature

Answer 2

Good, Altruistic

Question 3

Liberalism: Key Actors

Answer 3

States, Individuals, Institutions

Question 4

Realism: Human Nature

Answer 4

Evil, Selfish

Question 5

Realism: Central Problem and Solution

Answer 5

War / Solution: Security

Question 6

Realism: Key Actors

Answer 6

States

Question 7

Liberalism: Actor Motives

Answer 7

Mutual Assistance, Collaboration

Question 8

Realism: Actor Motives

Answer 8

Power, National Security, Self-interest

Question 9

Liberalism: Interests

Answer 9

Long-term, Collective

Question 10

Realism: Interests

Answer 10

Short-term, individual

Question 11

Liberalism: Nature of IR

Answer 11

Cooperation, Community

Question 12

Realism: Nature of IR

Answer 12

Anarchy

Question 13

Liberalism: Nature of Conflict

Answer 13

Irrational - exception not the norm

Question 14

Realism: Nature of Conflict

Answer 14

Rational - norm not the exception

Question 15

Liberalism: International Politics

Answer 15

Optimistic View, International Institutionsm, Cooperation

Question 16

Realism: International Politics

Answer 16

Pessimistic View, Stability, States act to advance their own power and interests

Question 17

Realism: Waltz 3 S’s

Answer 17

Statism, Security, Self Help

Question 18

Realism: Thucydidean Trap

Answer 18

When a great power is theatened by an emerging power

Question 19

Realism: Melian Dialogue

Answer 19

Hard power is the only effective power

Question 20

Realism: Thinkers

Answer 20

Mearscheimer - Offensive
Waltz - Defensive
Machiavelle - Violent
Hobbes

Question 21

Liberalism: Thinkers

Answer 21

Nye - Complex interdependence
Kant - Kantian Triangle
Keohane - Complex interdependence

Question 22

Realism: Globalisation

Answer 22

Downplay Impact*
States are only relevant actors*
Sceptics*
Nothing new
Doesn’t necessarily mean Multipolarity is true

Question 23

Liberalism: Globalisation

Answer 23

Work together to solve collective dilemmas*
Human nature is rational and collective*
Complex interdependence*
Believe in IGOs and TNCs
Transformationalists + Hyperglobalisers - Not Sceptics

Question 24

Realism: Polarity

Answer 24

Want Unipolarity and Bipolarity - Specifically Bipolarity*
Want to be only relevant actors in world politics*
Thucydidean Trap*
State Egoism*
Night watchman needed*
No other actor has power or authority to limit behaviour of nation states
Prioritise own interests

Question 25

Liberalism: Polarity

Answer 25

Want Unipolarity or Multipolarity* Do not regard nation sate as main player in global politics* Polycentric view* Complex interdependence* Human nature is rational and collective* Rogue/failed states are a threat to liberals

Question 26

Realism: State Sovereignty

Answer 26

State are the only relevant actors Prioritise own interests Paramount - dont give it away Dont reduce hard power Globalisation negative due to erosion of State Sovereignty

Question 27

Liberalism: State Sovereignty

Answer 27

Dont regard nation state as main player* Believe in institutions -sway over state* Complex interdependence* Human nature is rational and collective* Polycentric view* Still have importance but can be undone if state punshed people

Question 28

Realism: Conflict

Answer 28

Inevitable inbuilt into global state* Nations seek power* Nations seek their own interests, instability is inherent in the system* States cooperate only when its for their interest* Linked to state security Likely under unipolar order Thucydidean trap Neo realist - International anarchy Classical - no word policeman Hard power is paramount State only relevant actors

Question 29

Liberalism: Conflict

Answer 29

Minimise conflict and work together* Shared endeavours* Complex interdependence* Believe in institutions* Human Rights and other ideals reduce risk of conflict Inevitable but avoidable

Question 30

Realism: Power

Answer 30

Hard power trumps soft power - military* State is only relevant actor* States are power maximisers* Power is zero sum Power is capability - superpower exerts authority with no security issue

Question 31

Liberalism: Power

Answer 31

Soft power* Believe in strategic alliances* Complex interdependence* Believe in institutions* Only hard power when essential for liberal society Power not zero sum

Question 32

Defensive Realists - Waltz

Answer 32

Nation states are influenced by need for security. Nation states are security maximisers

Question 33

Offensive Realists - Mearscheimer

Answer 33

Nation states are predatory As power maximisers they seek influence as well as security

Question 34

Kantian Triangle

Answer 34

Peace achieved through Democratic peace theory - mutual respect for democracy Economic interdependence IGOs