Realistic conflict theory

Question 1

What does realistic conflict theory suggest ?

Answer 1

• Prejudice isn’t based on something irrational but on an actual need for resources
• Rejects idea that groups can share & cooperate

Question 2

What are the 4 components ?

Answer 2

• Intergroup competition
• Negative interdependence
• Limited resources
• Positive interdependence & superordinate goals

Question 3

What is intergroup competition ?

Answer 3

• Prejudice arises from competition
• Hostility when 2 groups striving for same goal
• Often in competitive sports = animosity between fans

Question 4

What is negative interdependence ?

Answer 4

• 2 groups seeking to achieve same goal that is important but only one group can gain
• Conflict of interest
• Opposing group = antagonistic & hostile, in group = cooperative & increasing solidarity
• Perceived as collaborator or competitor is vital in determining if favourable or hostile

Question 5

What is limited resources ?

Answer 5

• Competition between groups for : scarce material, physical resources, symbolic resources
• Highest levels of discrimination occur when competition is for physical or scarce resources

Question 6

What is positive interdependence ?

Answer 6

Occurs when neither group can reach goal unless other group reaches their goal

Question 7

What are superordinate goals ?

Answer 7

• Goals can only be achieved through intergroup cooperation
• Instrumental in reduction prejudice = encourages favourable perceptions of opposing group & harmonious intergroup interactions

Question 8

How is Sherif supporting research ?

Answer 8

• Competition stages
• Superordinate goals = fixing water pipe

Question 9

What is a criticism of Sherif ?

Answer 9

• Used American school boys, not adults
• Testosterone & upbringing make competition & tribes
• Danger in generalising them to adult behaviour

Question 10

How is Carol & Ember supporting research ?

Answer 10

• Observed in tribal societies, intergroup conflict increases when social/natural conditions mean competition is necessary

Question 11

How is Tyerman & Spencer supporting research ?

Answer 11

• Similar to Sherif with English boy scouts who knew each other before
• Competition remained friendly & friendship ties across groups remained
• Prejudice may be caused by other factors other than competition

Question 12

What is an alternative theory ?

Answer 12

• SIT
• Mere presence of other groups cause prejudice
• Nothing to do with competition over resources

Question 13

What are applications ?

Answer 13

• Jigsaw technique in classrooms
• Discuss ideas as group
• Leader goes & shares ideas with other groups
• Leader reports back info found out