reasoning test Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the different statements?
descriptive, explanatory, argumentative, narrative
What is a descriptive statement?
a statement that aims to describe or define a topic.
What is an explanatory statement?
X is true because y - where x is a fact and y is a reason (there is no contestability and everyone agrees with the statement)
What is an argumentative statement?
X is true because Y - where x is a claim and Y is a reason (there is room for disagreement and contestability)
What is a narrative statement?
a statement or a series of statements that tell a story eg beginning middle and end
What are inference indicators?
they indicate that the statement is moving forward in some way explanatory or argumentative.
What are the two different types of inference indicators
premise and conclusion
What are conclusion indicators?
an inference indicator that takes you from a reason to conclusion e.g therefore
What are premise indicators?
an inference indicator that takes you from conclusion to reason e.g because
What are the types of inferences?
Linked Move, Serial Move, Divergent Move, Convergent Move
Linked Move
1 + 2 where statement one and statement two join to give you statement 3
Divergent Move
two conclusions from one reason eg reason 1 gives conclusion two and conclusion 3.
Serial move
one conclusion from one statement. Statement one gives you statement two
Convergent move
two reasons give you the same conclusion. The reason ones conclusion is 3 and reasons 2 conclusion is 3.
Inductive statement
you go from something specific reason and then you get a broader conclusion - a generalised form of reasoning. Particular observation to generalisation.
Deductive argument
you go from a broader reason to a more specific conclusion. - it is formal and sounds more mathematical. Generalisation to particular observation.
Cogent
persuasive - the statement is fully factual and can convince you that it is true. It requires a strong to complete support for inductive moves or valid arguments for deductive moves and true statements.
Not Cogent
not persuasive - the statement is not fully factual and has false or partially true parts, it is doesn’t convince a person that it is true.
statements to evaluate cogency
Statements can either be acceptable/true or not acceptable/false -> any argument that is acceptable on conditions (50/50) is not acceptable.
How do you know something is a generalisation?
If/then, All, Some, None
