REB 31. Perineum, Pouches, Penis, Urethra, Vulva Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the anatomical position of the pelvis?
the ASIS and the pubic tubercle are in line with each other and the ground
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
synovial joint
Where is the false pelvis located?
- superior to pelvic brin
- considered part of abdominal cavity
Where is the true pelvis located?
- inferior to pelvic brim
- the floor is the levator ani muscle
Where is the perineum located?
it is inferior to the levator ani muscle
What are the boundaries of the perineum?
[1] pubic symphysis
[2] ischiopubic ramus
[3] sacrotuberous ligament
[4] coccyx
What is the perineal membrane?
- it is a thin layer of dense fascia
- separates the urogenital triangle and anal triangle
- it runs between the ischiopubic rami
What is the external urethral orifice?
- it is between the vaginal orifice and clitoris
- it is where urine comes out of
About how long is the female urethra?
3 to 4 cm
What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter made up of in females?
- the detrusor muscle thickens
- it is smooth muscle
- under involuntary control
What type of muscle is the external urethral sphincter made up of in females?
- skeletal muscle
- it is under voluntary control
How many layers is the female urethra internal sphincter made up of?
it is made up of 4 layers which porbably contributes to closure
Explain and describe the parts of the perineum. (pouches and layers)
[1] Deep Perineal Pouch - lies below thin layer of pelvic fascia - lies above thick perineal membrane [2] Superficial Perineal Pouch - lies below thick perineal membrane [3] Thin Layer of Pelvic Fascia [4] Thick Perineal Membrane [5] Superficial Perineal Membrane - Colle's Fascia which is a continuation of Scarpa's fascia
What are the layers of the Urogenital diaphragm? [3]
[1] Superior (or Deep) Layer
- thin layer of pelvic fascia (fascia on undersurface of levator ani)
[2] Middle Layer
- Deep Perineal Pouch
- — muscles, neurovascular etc.
[3] Inferior (of Superficial) Layer
- Perineal Membrane
What are the muscles of the deep perineal pouch in males?
[1] External Urethral Sphincter
[2] Deep Transverse Perinei
What are the muscles of the deep perineal pouch in females?
[1] External Urethral Sphincter
[2] Deep Transverse Perinei
[3] Sphincter Urethrovaginalis
What is the most important muscle of the deep perineal pouch?
External Urethral Sphincter
What is the Central Perineal Tendon? Where is it located?
- fibromuscular node
- located in the midline, at thhe junction of urogenital + anal triangles
What are the main muscle attachments to the perineal body? [3]
[1] Levator Ani
[2] External Anal Sphincter
[3] Sphincter Urethrae
- important for fecal continence
- damage may result in incontinence and prolapse
- may be damaged during childbirth or trauma
What are the contents (other than the muscles) of the deep perineal pouch?
[1] Pudendal Nerve
[2] Internal Pudendal Artery (+ Vein)
——-
[3] Bulbourethral Glands (of Cowper) in the Male
What is Alcock’s Canal?
is an anatomical structure in the pelvis through which the internal pudendal artery, internal pudendal veins, and the pudendal nerve pass
VAN
Where is the superficial perineal pouch located?
- it is located inferior to the perineal membrane
they are components of the external genitalia basically
What is the superficial perineal fascia made up of?
It is made up of Colle’s Fascia
- it lies just beneath the skin of the perineum
- it is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia (which lines the ant. abdominal wall)
What is the root of the external genitalia, the penis?
[1] crus
[2] bulb
