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History: Britain 1930 - 1951 > Rebuilding The Country > Flashcards

Rebuilding The Country Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Beveridge Commission created?

A

In 1941, by the conservative administration

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2
Q

When was the Beveridge Report published?

A

In 1942

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3
Q

Which party adopted the Beveridge Report?

A

The Labour Party

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4
Q

How was the war presented under the coalition government?

A

As a “people’s war,” meaning that the public had high expectations of rewards following the conflict

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5
Q

What did people want the government to do following the war?

A
  • Reform the social security system
  • Reform the healthcare system
  • Continue with the free milk for children policy (1940)
  • Reform hospital treatment
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6
Q

Name Beveridge’s five priorities

A
  • Want
  • Disease
  • Ignorance
  • Squalor
  • Idleness
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7
Q

What was want?

A

The need for an adequate income for all

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8
Q

What was Disease?

A

The need for healthcare access

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9
Q

What was Ignorance?

A

The need for access to education

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10
Q

What was squalor?

A

The need for adequate housing

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11
Q

What was idleness?

A

The need for gainful employment

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12
Q

How many copies did the Beveridge report sell within weeks?

A

635,000

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13
Q

How popular was the Beveridge Report?

A

After two weeks of publication, 19/20 had heard of the report and 9/10 supported its proposals

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14
Q

How many people were eligible for old age pensions in 1939?

A

21 million

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15
Q

How many people were covered by government unemployment insurance?

A

15.5 million

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16
Q

How many people were covered by national health insurance in 1939?

A

20 million people (maximum half the population)

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17
Q

What did the Beveridge Report propose?

A
  • Extend pension and unemployment insurance
  • Health system for all
  • Compulsary insurance scheme to eliminate poverty
  • A family allowance for second children
  • A marriage grant
  • A maternity grant
  • A death grant
  • Remove means test
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18
Q

What was the promise of the Beveridge Report?

A

To look after the public from cradle to grave (or from Womb to Tomb hehe)

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19
Q

What was the Family Allowance Act of 1945?

A

A law meaning that families would have money for children after their second.

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20
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to resolve Ingorance?

A

1944 Education Act

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21
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle want?

A
  • 1945 family allowances act
  • 1946 national insurance act
  • 1948 national assistance act
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22
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle idleness?

A

Nationalisation

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23
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle squalor?

A
  • 1946 Housing Production Executive

- 1946 New Towns Act

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24
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to tackle disease?

A

1946 National Health Service Act

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25
Who was responsible for the creation of the NHS?
Aneurin Bevan
26
Who did resistance for the NHS come from and why?
The medical profession who were worried about potential cost and loss of status
27
What proportion of the population received free medical care in 1945?
50%
28
What was provided during the war?
An emergency medical service: the government provided 1000 new operating theatres and millions of bandages
29
When was the national health act passed?
1946
30
Sorry just appreciate this as well
31
Which establishment was most opposed to the NHS
The British Medical Association (BMA)
32
When did the BMA's opposition to state interference go back to?
Opposition to the National Insurance Scheme (1911)
33
What were the fears of the BMA?
For its members to lose money and become mere civil servants
34
What was the result of the ballot run in 1948 by the BMA?
84% voted against joining the NHS
35
When did Bevan schedule the NHS to begin?
On the 5th July 1948, shortly after the poll taken by the BMA
36
What did Bevan do to appease doctors?
He allowed them to continue to treat private patients
37
How did Bevan say he had won success?
By "stuffing the consultants'" mouths with gold
38
How much of the population had signed up to the NHS by 5th July 1948?
75%
39
How many people were enrolled to the NHS by September 1948?
93%
40
What percentage of GPs participated in the NHS by 1948?
90%
41
How much did the NHS cost to run in its first year?
£248 million, almost £140 million more than had been originally estimated
42
How much had been put aside to pay for free spectacles originally and how long did this last?
£2 million, which lasted only weeks
43
How many people were issued with NHS spectacles in the first year?
Over five million
44
How many prescriptions were estimated to be dispensed annually compared to the reality?
140 million, when in fact it increased up to 229 million in 1951
45
What were annual costs for the NHS by the time Labour left power?
£500 million
46
What did the Conservatives do when they entered power?
They said they would retain the NHS
47
When did Labour insist on introducing charges for some dental equipment and for prescriptions?
1951, leading to Bevan's resignation
48
When was the Education Act passed?
1944
49
What did the Education Act do?
It created a Ministry of Education with the aim of creating a national system of education
50
How was the education of children split?
Into primary, secondary, and further
51
How was education provided for?
By local authorities
52
What did local authorities set up for education?
Local Education Authorities
53
What was the school leaving age raised to in 1947?
15
54
What was made compulsory by the Education Act?
Daily religious worship
55
What were the three types of secondary schools?
Grammar, secondary modern, and technical
56
What was the problem with the grammar system?
People who went to grammar schools had a huge advantage in later life, and few technical schools opened
57
What did the Beveridge report recommend?
To extend old age pensions and unemployment insurance, to introduce a health system for all, and the ideal that the "benefits" provided by the state should be universal.
58
What was the immediate response of the government to housing destruction during the war?
To build prefab houses and bungalows as a replacement, designed to last 10 years
59
How many prehab homes would be needed when the war ended?
200,000
60
How many prefabs did the government aim to build by the end of the war just in case?
500,000
61
How many units did the post war government aim to build in the decade after the war?
300,000
62
How many new houses were built between 1945 and 1951?
1.2 million
63
Which acts controlled planning?
The New Towns Act 1946 and Town and Country Planning Act 1947
64
What vision did Bevan have for new developments?
Places where doctors and the working class could live together
65
What happened to production during the war?
It was taken over by the government
66
What were the advantages of war for manufacturing?
It helped them recover from the depression
67
Why did Labour want to nationalise key industries?
Because they were so crucial for recovery
68
When and how did Labour say it would nationalise?
In its manifesto it said it would commit to a program of nationalisation
69
Did Labour compensate business owners?
Yes
70
How much did the compensation paid out total?
£2,700 million
71
How was nationalisation justified?
On grounds of - Industrial efficiency - Creating jobs - Lower prices for the consumer
72
When was the coal industry nationalised?
1947
73
How many coalmine owners were compensated?
840
74
How many miles of track were bought by the government in 1948?
52,000
75
Which type of hauliers were brought under British control?
Long distance ones
76
When was the electricity industry nationalised?
1947
77
When was the gas industry nationalised?
1948
78
What was the trend in unemployment rate after the war?
It was 1.6% lower between 1946 and 1950
79
What was the reaction to the welfare state?
Mostly negative
80
What was the reaction to the NHS?
Very positive - people found it futuristic
81
What was the reaction to education reforms?
Positive
82
What was the reaction to nationalisation?
Mostly positive
83
What proportion of people were employed in newly nationalised industries?
10%
84
What proportion of the economy was owned by the state?
20%

History: Britain 1930 - 1951 (7 decks)

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