Recit Flashcards
(31 cards)
The separation of medicinally mixture of many plant metabolites using selective solvents through standard procedures.
Extraction
5 Methods of Extraction
- Maceration
- Infusion
- Digestion
- Decoction
- Soxhlet Extraction
The whole powdered crude drug is placed in a stoppered container with the solvent and allowed to stand at room temperature for a period of at least 3 days with frequent agitation until the soluble matter has dissolved.
Maceration
Fresh _____ are prepared by MACERATING the crude drug for a short period of time with cold or boiling water.
Infusion
This is a form of maceration in which GENTLE HEAT is used during the process of extraction.
Digestion
The crude drug is boiled in a SPECIFIED volume of water for a DEFINED time; it is then cooled and strained or filtered.
Decoction
_____ is only required where the desired compound has a LIMITED solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent.
Soxhlet Extraction
Refers to the screening and identification of the medicinally active substances found in plants.
Phytochemical Screening
Bioactive substances that can be derived from plants. (6)
Alkaloids, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, tannin
Phytochemical Screenings in Alkaloids (4)
- Mayer’s test
- Wagner’s test
- Dragendroff’s test
- Hager’s test
Phytochemical Screening in Glycosides (1)
Modified Borntrager’s Test
Phytochemical Screenings in Saponins (2)
- Froth test
- Foam test
Phytochemical Screening in Phenols (1)
Ferric Chloride Test
Phytochemical Screening in Tannins (1)
Gelatin test
Phytochemical Screenings in Flavonoids (2)
- Lead Acetate test
- Alkaline Reagent test
Phytochemical screening test where 1% gelatin solution containing sodium chloride is added. White precipitate means presence of tannins.
Gelatin test
Phytochemical screening test where extracts are treated with few drops of lead acetate solution. Yellow precipitate indicated the presence of Flavonoids
Lead acetate test
Phytochemical screening test where extracts are treated with few drops of sodium hydroxide solution. Intense yellow color, which becomes colorless when dilute acid is added, means there is presence of flavonoids.
alkaline reagent test
Phytochemical screening test where extracts are treated with 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution. Bluish black color indicates presence of phenols.
Ferric chloride test
Phytochemical screening test where extracts are diluted with distilled water to 20ml and was shaken in a graduated cylinder for 15 minutes. 1cm layer of foam indicates the presence of saponins.
Froth test
Phytochemical screening test where 0.5gm of extract is shaken with 2 ml of water. Presence of saponin is confirmed if foam produced persists for ten mins.
Foam test
Phytochemical screening test where extracts are treated with ferric chloride solution and immersed in boiling water for about 5 minutes.
Modified Borntrager’s test
Phytochemical screening test where filtrates were treated with Wagner’s reagent. Brown/reddish colored precipitate means presence of alkaloids.
Wagner’s test
Phytochemical screening test where filtrates were treated with Hager’s reagent. Yellow colored precipitate means presence of alkaloids.
Hager’s test
