recognise impact of health conditions

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the body structures and the complex interactions between all body systems

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

The study determining how body systems work individually and the relationships between the systems as they interact

Question 3

pathology

Answer 3

The study of abnormalities within the body that cause disease or illness and how the body functions are affected

Question 4

what are the levels of organisation

Answer 4

atoms  molecules  organelles  cells  tissues  organs  systems  organism

Question 5

what is a cell

Answer 5

• The smallest functional units of the human body
• undifferentiated cells become specialised in their structure and function.
• generate energy
• controls DNA synthesis, regulates metabolic activity, and cell division.

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

Protects the cell, controls what enters and exits.

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

Contains the cell’s DNA and controls cell activities.

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

Jelly-like substance where cell processes occur, maintains structure.

Question 9

mitochondria

Answer 9

Produce energy for the cell (ATP).

Question 10

ribosomes

Answer 10

Make proteins

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 11

Transports materials, smooth ER makes lipids, rough ER makes proteins.

Question 12

golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Packages and distributes proteins and lipids + produces lysosomes.

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

Breaks down waste and old cell parts

Question 14

vacuole

Answer 14

Where waste products are excreted after being dissolved in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

homeostasis

Answer 15

The body’s ability to maintain a stable, balanced, and relatively constant internal environment to ensure optimal functioning, despite external factors.

Question 16

what are examples of health status indicators

Answer 16

body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and BGLs.

Question 17

Cardiovascular system (circulatory system)

Answer 17

Transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

Question 18

Respiratory system

Answer 18

Responsible for the exchange of gases, primarily O2 and CO2, between the body and the external environment.

Question 19

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 19

Contains muscles, bones, joints, and associated tissues that allow movement, provide support, and protect the vital organs.

Question 20

Endocrine system

Answer 20

Network of glands and organs responsible for producing and regulating hormones.

Question 21

Digestive system (gastrointestinal system)

Answer 21

Responsible for the breakdown of food into nutrients so that they can be absorbed and used by the body.

Question 22

urinary system

Answer 22

Maintains fluid and electrolyte balance by removing waste products from the body, and regulating blood pressure.

Question 23

Reproductive system

Answer 23

Responsible for the production of offspring. Is distinct in males and females.

Question 24

Integumentary system

Answer 24

Body’s first line of defence and largest organ system, including the hair, skin, nails and associated structures.

Question 25

Lymphatic system

Answer 25

Network of vessels, nodes, and organs that help maintain fluid balance, filter foreign materials and pathogens, and support the immune system.

Question 26

Nervous system

Answer 26

Network of nerves and structures responsible for controlling and coordinating various bodily functions, including sensory perception, movement and cognition.

Question 27

Immune system

Answer 27

Network of cells, tissues, and organs that work to defend the body against infections, diseases, and foreign invaders.

Question 28

what is diabetes

Answer 28

A chronic metabolic disorder characterised by elevated levels of blood sugar levels due to disruptions in glucose regulation.

Question 29

what are the 3 types of diabetes

Answer 29

* Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM)  autoimmune condition * Type 2 Diabetes (DM/NIDDM)  from lifestyle factors * Gestational diabetes  occurs during pregnancy

Question 30

how can diabetes be managed/prevented

Answer 30

- Blood glucose monitoring - medications (insulin) - lifestyle changes (diet + exercise)

Question 31

what are cardiovascular diseases

Answer 31

CVD affects the cardiovascular system, primarily the heart and blood vessels. e.g. Heart failure, Hypertension (high blood pressure), Stroke

Question 32

what are musculoskeletal conditions

Answer 32

MSDs affect the muscles, bones, joints, tendons and ligaments, which can cause pain, stiffness, impaired mobility, and, in some cases, disability. e.g. Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoporosis

Question 33

what are neurological conditions

Answer 33

Affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves. e.g. cerebral palsy, dementia, epilepsy

Question 34

what is cancer

Answer 34

A group of diseases characterised by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal (cancer) cells in the body. e.g. carcinoma, sarcome, leukaemia

Question 35

what is obesity

Answer 35

Characterised by the excessive accumulation of body fat which negatively impacts an individual's health, often defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher. * A major risk factor for several chronic diseases. * Significantly reduce overall life expectancy.

Question 36

what is malnutrition

Answer 36

An imbalance between the nutrients a person's body needs to maintain health and the nutrients they receive through their diet. May be due to inadequate dietary intake, underlying medical conditions, digestive disorders, or socioeconomic factors.

Question 37

what are the two types of malnutrition

Answer 37

* Undernutrition: the intake of essential nutrients is insufficient * Overnutrition: an excessive intake of certain nutrients may cause deficiency in others.

Question 38

How can you assess an individual’s health status

Answer 38

1. Observation 2. Questioning 3. Interpretation of documentation 4. Interpretation of test results 5. Logbooks / diaries 6. Family History

Question 39

what does delegation mean

Answer 39

involves obtaining authorisation from a qualified supervising AHP to perform specific tasks within the defined scope of practice.

Question 40

Ways information is shared / delegated

Answer 40

* Through direct communication * Collaborative discussions * Face to face meetings * Online phone calls * Phone conversations * Written exchanges with the delegating AHP

Question 41

What can happen if an AHA doesn’t have proper delegation

Answer 41

* Compromised patient safety * Legal issues * Inefficiency * Miscommunication * Reduced accountability * Lower quality of care

Question 42

Factors that can contribute to a healthy body

Answer 42

* Nutrition * Physical activity * Hydration * Sleep * Stress management * Tobacco and alcohol use * Health screenings * Mental health

Question 43

What to ask when assessing an individual’s health status

Answer 43

* Ask about signs and symptoms they are presenting with. * Medical history * Activities of daily living (ADLs) * Diet and Nutrition * Medication Compliance * Family History.