Reconstruction

Question 1

Lincoln -> overview

Answer 1

• republican
• union of N&S states
• enforce 13th amendment
• enforce federal law

Question 2

Lincoln -> policies

Answer 2

• 10% plan
• Wade-Davis bill
• 13th A
• Freedman’s Bureau

Question 3

10% Plan

Answer 3

rebel states admitted to the union if 10% of electoral agreed to an oath of future allegiance to the USA, supported all existing acts of congress regarding slavery and allowed AA to vote

Question 4

Wade - Davis Bill

Answer 4

• much tougher version of the 10% plan -> required 50% of electorate to take an oath of allegiance of past & future loyalty to the government and said that anyone who had been in the confederate army couldn’t have a government role
• was vetoed by Lincoln

Question 5

Thirteenth amendment

Answer 5

formally freed all slaves in the USA -> 3.4mil slaves freed by this

Question 6

The freedman’s bureau

Answer 6

US agency set up for just one year to help former slaves providing advice on education and employment -> only successful thing under Linconln

Question 7

Lincoln -> Successful?

Answer 7

• early death
• only 1 successful policy (freedman’s bureau)
• 13th A freed millions of slaves
• failed at unionising

Question 8

Johnson -> overview

Answer 8

• democrat
  made president when Lincoln was killed (never really meant to be president)
• state laws -> black codes
• union (didn’t want to enforce more change upon the south)

Question 9

Johnson -> policies

Answer 9

• Civil rights bill (1866)
• 14th A
• radical reconstruction

Question 10

Civil rights bill 1866

Answer 10

gave minimum rights to black people -> J vetoed but congress overturned -> black codes combat this bill

Question 11

14th Amendment 1868

Answer 11

-gave citizenship to anyone born in the US -> rejected by all ex-confederate state except Tennessee -> failed to get the 75% approval it needed to become a law

Question 12

radical reconstruction

Answer 12

• military reconstruction - impose military rule on S
  -command of army - reduce J’s military power
• tenure of office - prevent J from removing a host of office holders

Question 13

Johnson -> successful?

Answer 13

• failed at unionising
• most of his congress was a different party to him so they couldn’t agree
• nearly impeached - 1 vote away

Question 14

Grant -> overview

Answer 14

• republican
• commanding general under Johnson
  1868 election -> won based on 7mil AA votes
  -Union
• AA rights in South
• Enforcement of federal law

Question 15

Grant -> policies

Answer 15

• carpet-baggers
• scalawags
• 15th A
• Amnesty act 1872

Question 16

Carpet baggers

Answer 16

majority of N officials nicknamed after their type of suitcases -> seen as an occupying force by southerners

Question 17

Scalawags

Answer 17

Renegade southern whites who helped the ‘carpet-baggers’ with occupation

Question 18

15th Amendment 1869

Answer 18

citizens of any race could vote wherever they lived

Question 19

Amnesty Act 1872

Answer 19

removed most of the penalties imposed on former confederates by 14th A

Question 20

Grant -> successful?

Answer 20

• lots of corruption under him
• unionised much of the country
  focused on AA rights
• congress had most power

Question 21

What aim did all 3 reconstruction presidents avoid??

Answer 21

ECONOMY

Question 22

How many Americans died in the civil war?

Answer 22

700,000

Question 23

How many confederates did Johnson Pardon?

Answer 23

13,000

Question 24

How many slaves were freed by the 13th Amendment

Answer 24

3.4 million

Question 25

what year was Freedman's Bureau established?

Answer 25

1865

Question 26

what year was the military reconstruction act and what did it do?

Answer 26

1867 - introduced military control to the south

Question 27

What year was the Amnesty act and what did it do?

Answer 27

1872 - allowed ex-confederates to get into power

Question 28

Which president ended reconstruction and how?

Answer 28

Hayes - Southern compromise - restored power in southern states

Question 29

In South Carolina 1881, 70% of eligible black people voted, how did this change by 1896?

Answer 29

it fell to 11%

Question 30

how many people were killed at the 1868 elections by white supremacists?

Answer 30

1000

Question 31

Colfax Massacre - when and how many dead?

Answer 31

1873 - 150 Freemen killed

Question 32

Why where the convictions of who men who'd been prosecuted for the Colfax massacre overturned in 1876?

Answer 32

it ruled that the 14th A only applied to states, not individuals

Question 33

what is the NAACP and who helped to establish it?

Answer 33

WEB Du Bois helped set up the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

Question 34

who was Booker T Washington and what did he believe?

Answer 34

A former slave who believed progress would be slow and that freed slaves had to be educated and prove themselves

Question 35

Who was Madam CJ Walker?

Answer 35

a member of a sharecropper family who developed a hair cream for black people, becoming the first black, female, millionaire

Question 36

How many black senators an house of representatives were elected into congress in this period?

Answer 36

2 senators, 2 house of representatives

Question 37

Give 3 universities set up for African Americans.

Answer 37

Howard University Hampton University Tuskegee University

Question 38

by 1910, what percentage of black farmers owned their land?

Answer 38

25%