Reconstruction | 1865-1890 Flashcards
(23 cards)
How many Americans died during the Civil War?
700,000.
This number highlights the significant human cost of the Civil War.
How many pardons did Johnson issue to Confederates?
13,000.
This action was part of Johnson’s efforts to reunite the nation after the Civil War.
What did the 13th Amendment achieve?
Freed 4 million slaves.
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
What rights did the 14th Amendment grant?
Citizenship.
The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
What did the 15th Amendment ensure?
Vote could not be denied on account of race.
Ratified in 1869/70, this amendment aimed to protect the voting rights of African American men.
When was the Freedman’s Bureau established?
1865.
The Bureau was created to aid freed slaves during the Reconstruction era.
What was the purpose of the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867?
Introduced military control in the South.
This act was part of the effort to enforce Reconstruction policies.
What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 allow?
Ex-Confederates back into power.
This act was seen as a move to reconcile with the South and restore political power to former Confederates.
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in 1883 regarding the 1875 Civil Rights Act?
Unconstitutional.
This ruling significantly weakened federal protections for civil rights.
What event did Hayes’s Southern Compromise in 1877 mark?
Ending Reconstruction.
This compromise effectively returned power to Southern states and ended federal intervention.
What percentage of eligible black voters participated in the 1880 Presidential election in South Carolina?
70%.
This illustrates the political engagement of African Americans during Reconstruction.
What was the percentage of black voters in South Carolina during the 1896 Presidential election?
11%.
This significant drop reflects the disenfranchisement and suppression of black voters.
What violent background characterized the 1868 elections in Louisiana?
Sustained violence by white terrorists.
This violence led to the deaths of approximately 1,000 people.
What occurred during the Colfax Massacre in 1873?
150 freedmen were killed.
This was a violent reaction to Republican electoral victories in the South.
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the case US vs Cruikshank in 1876?
The 14th Amendment only applied to states, not individuals.
This ruling limited the federal government’s ability to protect individual rights in cases of violence.
Who helped establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?
WEB Du Bois.
Du Bois was a prominent civil rights activist and scholar.
What was Booker T. Washington’s belief regarding progress for African Americans?
Progress would be slow and required education to prove themselves.
Washington advocated for vocational training and gradual advancement.
What notable achievement did Madam C.J. Walker accomplish?
First female black millionaire.
She developed a successful hair care product for black women.
How many black senators were elected to Congress during Reconstruction?
2 black senators.
This was a significant, though temporary, representation of African Americans in government.
Which universities were established for African Americans?
- Howard University (1867)
- Hampton University (1868)
- Tuskegee University (1881)
These institutions played a crucial role in the education of African Americans.
What was the ruling in the Plessy v. Ferguson case (1896)?
‘Separate but equal’ facilities were legal.
This ruling upheld racial segregation laws.
By 1910, what percentage of black farmers owned their own land?
25%.
This statistic indicates some progress in land ownership among African Americans.
What improvement was noted in the standard of living for black farmers by 1910?
Had improved.
This suggests economic advancements for some African American communities.
