reconstructive memory and schema theory Flashcards
What does Bartlett say memory is constructed from? (reconstructive memory)
memories we have previously experienced
aka schemas
Why is eye witness testiomony not always reliable?
schemas may distort or adapt our memories in order to make them fit in
What are schemas created from?
past experiences
social/cultural norms
What is rationalisation? (reconstructive memory)
when we make things make sense to us and fit into our schemas, we might miss things out to do this.
What is confabulation? (reconstructive memory)
When we add bits from previous experiences into the memory to make sense of it.
2 strengths of reconstructive memory
Bartlett - found that ppts rationalised and changed bits of ‘War of Ghosts’ to make sense to them. Supports as it shows they changed bits to fit in with their schemas. Eg canoes to boats, seal hunting to fishing
Allport and Postman - found that when ppts were asked to recall details of a picture, ppts tended to say a black man was holding the razor. Supports as they changed bits to fit their schemas and society at the time (high racism)
2 weaknesses of reconstructive memory
Wynn and Logie - asked students to recall a real event that happened earlier on in the year and found the memories were resistant to change over the year.
‘War of Ghosts’ involves an unusual story that does not make sense to ppts. Argued that they will alter it so it makes sense as they retell the story.
