Red and White Cells Flashcards
(37 cards)
What value do you use to interpret the leukogram?
absolute count
When do you need to correct the white cell count due to nRBCs?
when nRBCs are > 10
Primary site for hematopoiesis after birth?
bone marrow
Release of white cells from the maturation/storage pool is ______
orderly
What “pool” are the majority of the white cells found in?
maturation/storage
Endothelial cells produce _____ while neutrophils produce ______?
1) selectins
2) integrins
Digestion by lysosomal enzyme is considered oxygen-________
independent
Neutrophils _____ reenter circulation while lymphocytes ______ reenter circulation
1) cannot
2) can
A stimulus for an increase in neutrophils usually leads to an increase in __________ as well. Why?
Monocytes; share a common stem cell
What mediates physiologic leukocytosis?
catecholamine release
What mediates stress leukograms?
corticosteroids
When is the left shift significant?
1) cats and dogs
2) cows and horses
1) >1000 bands
2) >300 bands
mild, moderate, marked, extreme leukocytosis in dogs and cats (ranges)
Mild– up to 25,000
moderate– 25,000-50,000
Marked– 50,000-70,000
extreme– >70,000
Mild, significant, marked leukocytosis in horses and cattle
mild– up to 15,000
significant– 15,000-25,000
marked– >25,000
What does the plasma protein: fibrinogen ratio correct for?
dehydration
major area of Epo production?
kidney peritubular cells
What is the major determinant of blood viscosity?
Deformability
What state does Fe need to be in to bind O2?
Fe2+ (ferrous)
What enzyme keeps Fe in the reduced state for hgb synthesis?
Methemoglobin reductase
Rate limiting step of heme synthesis?
Delta-ALA-synthase (1st enzyme)
what molecule binds free iron in the blood
apotransferrin
mutations of what two enzymes can alter RBC metabolism?
PK (pyruvate kinase)
PFK (phosphofructokinase)
What are two damage control pathways for RBCs?
Methemoglobin reduction pathway (NADH)
Glutathione (NADPH)
Two scavenger molecules of intravascular hemolysis?
Haptoglobin and hemopexin
