Red blood cell disorders Flashcards

Question

Which MCV values determine the morphological classification of an anemia?

Answer 1

Microcytic <80 Normocytic 80-100 Macrocytic >100

Answer 2

Insufficient Hb production

Answer 3

Decreased blood volume | Decreased erythropoesis

Answer 4

Defective DNA synthesis | Defective DNA repair

Answer 5

``` Defective heme synthesis - iron deficiency - lead poisoning - chronic disease - sideroblastic Defective globin chain - thalassemia ```

Answer 6

``` Hemolytic anemias Intrinsic defects 1. Hemoglobinopathies - sickle cell anemia - HbC disease 2. Enzyme deficiencies - G6PD deficiency - pyruvate kinase deficiency 3. Membrane defects - PNH - hereditary spherocytosis - hereditary elliptocytosis Extrinsic defects - autoimmune HA - microangiopathic HA - macroangiopathic HA - infections - mechanical destruction ``` Non-hemolytic anemias - blood loss - aplastic anemia - chronic kidney disease

Answer 7

``` Megaloblastic - B12 deficiency - folate deficiency - medications - Fanconi anemia - orotic aciduria Non-megaloblastic - liver disease - alcohol use - myelodysplastic anemia - multiple myeloma - hypothyroidism ```

Answer 8

``` Phenytoin Sulfa drugs Trimethoprim Hydroxyurea MTX 6-mercaptopurine ```

Answer 9

``` Pallor Exertional dyspnea Fatigue Pica Worsening angina pectoris Hyperdynamic state Extramedullary haematopoesis ```

Answer 10

Paravertebral mass | Skull diploic space widening

Answer 11

Decr haptoglobin Incr LDH Incr indirect bilirubin

Answer 12

B12 - incr methylmalonic acid | Folic acid - normal methymalonic acid

Answer 13

Treat underlying cause Blood transfusion Bone marrow transplant

Answer 14

A pancytopenia caused by bone marrow insufficiency

Answer 15

``` Acute hepatitis Medication Toxins Ionizing radiation Viruses Fanconi's anemia ```

Answer 16

``` Carbamazepine Methimazole NSAIDs Chloramphenicol Sulfa drugs Antimetabolites ```

Answer 17

``` Parvovirus B19 CMV HBV HIV EBV ```

Answer 18

Bone marrow failure resulting in pancytopenia and normo/macrocytic anemia due to a DNA crosslink repair defect

Answer 19

Autosomal recessive

Answer 20

Acute myeloid leukemia | Myelodysplastic syndromes

Answer 21

``` Pallor Fatigue Malaise Petechiae Purpura Mucosal bleeding Infection ```

Answer 22

``` Pancytopenia Normo/macrocytic anemia Low reticulocyte count High EPO Dry bone marrow tap ```

Answer 23

``` Treat the underlying cause Supportive - infection treatment - blood transfusion - platelet transfusion BM stimulants Immunosuppressants Haematopoetic cell transplant ```

Answer 24

Inflammation - reduced iron release from macrophages - reduced iron intestinal absorption - reduced EPO response - reduced erythrocyte survival

Answer 25

Chronic disease = high ferritin | Iron deficiency = low ferritin

Answer 26

Treat the underlying cause Blood transfusion EPO

Answer 27

Defective heme metabolism -> iron trapped in mitochondria

Answer 28

``` Inherited Acquired - B6 deficiency - lead poisoning - alcohol use - drugs - copper deficiency - myelodysplastic syndromes ```

Answer 29

High iron | Prussian blue BM staining

Answer 30

Normocytic, normochromic anemia characterized by a severe reduction in circulating reticulocytes and marked reduction or absence of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow

Answer 31

Abnormal T-cell function and IgG antibodies that target erythroblasts and erythropoietin

Answer 32

``` Acquired - idiopathic - thymoma - myelodysplastic syndrome - drugs - parvovirus B19 - AI disorders Congenital - Diamond-Blackfan anemia ```

Answer 33

Low reticulocyte count | BM - absent erythroid precursors

Answer 34

Treatment of the underlying cause RBC transfusions Immunosuppressants Cytotoxic agents

Answer 35

A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by an erythropoietin-independent, irreversible increase in erythrocyte, granulocyte, and platelet counts

Answer 36

``` Plethora Hyperviscosity syndrome Aquagenic pruritis Hypertension Splenomegaly ```

Answer 37

``` ↑ Hb/Hct, ↑ RBCs ↑ Platelets (> 450,000/μL) ↑ Leukocytes (> 12,000/μL) ↓ Serum iron levels ↓ ESR ↓ EPO Arterial O2 saturation: normal ```

Answer 38

3 major/2major + 1 minor Major 1. Increased RBCs 2. BM biopsy showing hypercellularity with trilineage growth 3. JAK2 gene mutation Minor - Decr EPO

Answer 39

``` Severe dehydration Stress erythrocytosis Chronic hypoxia High altitude exposure Paraneoplastic syndrome Polycystic kidney disease ```

Answer 40

Phlebotomy Antiplatelet therapy Cytoreductive therapy

Answer 41

``` Thrombotic - DVT - stroke - MI Hematological - petechiae - epistaxis - bleeding gums Late stage - acute myeloid leukemia - myelodysplastic syndrome - myelofibrosis ```

Red blood cell disorders Flashcards

(67 cards)