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Pathoma Memorables > Red Blood Cell Disorders > Flashcards

Red Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption of iron occurs in the

A

Duodenum

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2
Q

takes both heme and non-heme iron into erythrocyte from intestinal lumen

A

DMT1

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3
Q

transports iron across cell membrane of erythrocytes into blood

A

Ferroportin

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4
Q

transports iron in blood and delivers to bone marrow and liver MQs for storage

A

transferrin

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5
Q

stored intracellular iron is bound to

A

Ferritin (prevents Fenton reaction)

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6
Q

Fenton reaction

A

how iron forms free radicals

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7
Q

measure of transferrin molecules in the bood

A

TIBC

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8
Q

%transferrin molecules bound by iron

A

% saturation (normal is 33%)

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9
Q

Solely breast fed infant

A

Iron deficiency b/c human milk is low in iron

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10
Q

Pregnancy

A

iron deficiency because need alot of iron to grow fetus

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11
Q

PUD males

A

iron deficiency

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12
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

hookworms; cause of iron deficiency in developing worlds

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13
Q

gastrectomy

A

iron deficiency because acid aids iron absorption by maintaining Fe2+ state, which is more readily absorbed than Fe3+.

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14
Q

decreased ferritin, increased TIBC

A

storage iron depleted

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15
Q

stages or iron deficiency

A

depletion of stored iron->depletion of serum iron->normocytic anemia->microcytic, hypochromic anemia

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16
Q

anemia, koilonychia, pica

A

iron deficiency clinical features

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17
Q

measures the spectrum of size of RBCs

A

red cell distribution width (if all cells similar size, then would be low; normal). increased in microcytic hypochromic anemia.

18
Q

Fe+protoporphyrin

A

=Heme

19
Q

FEP (free erythrocyte protoporphyrin)

A

increased in iron deficiency anemia

20
Q

anemia, dysphagia, beefy red tounge

A

Plummer-vinson syndrome; iron deficiency anemia with esophageal web and glossitis

21
Q

Hepcidin

A

acute phase reactant produced by liver in chronic disease

22
Q

increased ferritin, decreased TIBC, decreased serum iron, decreased %saturation, increased FEP

A

Anemia of Chronic Disease

23
Q

anemia due to defective protoporphyrin synthesis

A

sideroblastic anemia

24
Q

converts succinyl CoA to aminolevulinic acid (ALA)

A

Aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALAS)+B6 (cofactor)

25
Q

converts ALA to porphobilinogen

A

Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)

26
Q

attaches protoporphyrin to iron to make heme

A

Ferrochelatase (final reaction; occurs in MT)

27
Q

iron-laden mitochondria form ring around nucleus of erythroid precursors

A

ringed sideroblast

28
Q

most commonly seen as a side effect of isoniazid treatment for tuberculosis; required cofactor of ALAS.

A

vitamin B6 (sideroblastic anemia)

29
Q

inhibits ALAD and Ferrochelatase

A

Lead poisoning (sideroblastic anemia)

30
Q

decreased synthesis of the globin chains of hemoglobin

A

Thalassemia

31
Q

HbBarts

A

Hb formed from gamma chain tetramers (Hydrops fetalis)

32
Q

HbH

A

Hb formed from beta chain tetramers

33
Q

2 genes on chromosome 11

A

Beta thalassemia

34
Q

4 genes on chromosome 16

A

Alpha thalassemia

35
Q

microcytic hypochromic RBCs and target cells on blood smear

A

Beta thalassemia minor (nomal Beta, diminished Beta)

36
Q

decreased HbA, increased HbA2, increased HbF

A

Beta thalassemia minor (Hb electrophoresis)

37
Q

expansion of hematopoiesis into skull and facial bones

A

Beta thalassemia major; due to massive erythroid hyperplasia

38
Q

risk of aplastic crisis with parvovirus b19 inf. of erythroid precursors

A

Beta thalassemia major

39
Q

HbA2, HbF, no HbA (very little)

A

Beta thalassemia major

40
Q

impaired division of RBC precursors and granulocyte precursors, and megaloblastic change in rapidly dividing epithelial cells

A

Megaloblastic anemia

41
Q

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

methotrexate

42
Q

autoimmune dest. of parietal cells of stomach

A

pernicious anemia

Pathoma Memorables (2 decks)

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