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Human Structure & Function II > Red Blood Cells > Flashcards

Red Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the formed elements of the blood?

A

RBCs
Platelets
WBCs

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2
Q

What are the functions of the blood?

A

Homeostatic regulation
Oxygen and nutrient supply
Waste products to kidney & liver for excretion
Immunity

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3
Q

What is the hematocrit?

A

The portion of the blood which contains the red blood cells

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4
Q

What is the normal hematocrit rate?

A

Females: 37 to 47%
Males: 42 to 52%

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5
Q

What does abnormal hematocrit lead to?

A

Anemia or Polycythemia

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6
Q

What are the three plasma proteins?

A

Albumin, Globulin and Fibrinogen

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7
Q

What is the function of albumin?

A

Osmotic pressure, carrier

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8
Q

What is the function of globulin?

A

Immunity, carrier

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9
Q

What is the function of fibrinogen?

A

Blood clotting

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10
Q

What are the functions of RBCs?

A

Transport O2 from lungs
Carbonic anhydrase

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11
Q

What is the process of erythropoiesis?

A

Hemocytoblasts (stem cells - bone marrow)

Basophil Erythroblasts
(synthesis of Hgb begins)

Polychromatophil Erythroblast

Normoblast
(nucleus shrink, cytoplasm filled with Hgb)

Reticulocyte
(spends 3 days in marrow)

Erythrocyte

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12
Q

What is the process of homeostasis?

A

If O2 levels are low:
- Kidney and liver release erythropoietin
- Erythropoietin stimulates red bone marrow
- Enhanced erythropoiesis increases RBC count
- O2 - carrying ability of blood increases

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13
Q

What is the average life of RBCs?

A

120 days

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14
Q

What happens to old RBCs?

A

They become fragile mostly in the spleen and then rapture during the passage through tight spots.

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15
Q

What happens when RBCs get destroyed?

A

Hgb becomes Macrophages
Macrophages –> heme and global
Global –> amino acids
Heme –> free iron or biliverdin (heme oxygenate enzyme)

Free iron –> travels to the bone marrow to form new RBCs or to the liver to be stored as ferritin

Biliverdin –> bilirubin (reductase)

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16
Q

What are some RBC disorders?

A

Blood loss (anaemia)
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia

17
Q

What is aplastic anemia?

A

Aplasia of bone marrow: reduced function of bone marrow

18
Q

What is pernicious anemia?

A

Gastric mucosa damage –> affected maturation of RBCs

19
Q

What is haemolytic anemia?

A

A genetic disorder:
- Sickle cell
- Thalassemia: small and fragile RBCs

20
Q

What are the physiological effects of anemia?

A

Increase in cardiac output due to a decrease in blood viscosity

Hypoxia which leads to heart failure

Human Structure & Function II (9 decks)

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