Red eye Flashcards by Hiba Alhasso

causes of a red eye

conjunctivitis / blepharoconjunctivitis
keratitis 
anterior uveitis 
scleritis / episcleritis 
acute closed angle glaucoma 
subconjunctival haemorrhage 
orbital cellulitis

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what happens in subconjunctival haemorrhage

vessels split, blood filled blister
not as bad as it seems
RF: trauma, antithrombotics, valsalva

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features of subconjunctival haemorrhage

self limiting but will remain red throughout healing eg 1-2 weeks
investigate if recurrent
asymptomatic

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features of orbital cellulitis

rare
sight threatening
emergency
can track back to brain and create abscess

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what is a cicatricial ectropion

contracture of skin pulling lid away from the globe e.g. scarring, skin tumour
can cause dry eyes –> corneal ulcer –> sight threatening

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pain with a gritty sensation is extra/intra-ocular in origin

extra ocular

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pain with an achy sensation is extra/intra-ocular in origin

intra ocular

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what is blepharitis

inflamed eyelids

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describe signs of anterior blepharitis

margin of lid is redder than deeper part of lid

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symptoms of blepharitis are similar to those of conjunctivitis, true or false

true
gritty eye sensation
mild discharge

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types of anterior blepharitis

seborrhoeic - red margin, scaly, dandruff, lashes unaffected

staphylococcal - red margin, ulcers, styes, corneal staining, lashes affected

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describe posterior blepharitis

deeper part of lid is redder than the margin

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pathology behind posterior blepharitis

Meibomian gland dysfunction

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signs of posterior blepharitis / meibomian gland dysfunction

swollen gland openings

meibomian cyst = chalazion

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with which dermatological condition is posterior blepharitis associated with

rosacea

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management of blepharitis

eyelid hygiene
hot towel compresses
ter drops
tetracyclines 2-3 months

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chalazions may cause temporary astigmatism, true or false

true

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what is conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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symptoms of conjunctivitis

red eye 
gritty 
discharge / sticky 
itchy 
unaffected vision

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signs of conjunctivitis

red eye 
chemosis 
discharge 
papillae / follicles 
subconjunctival haemorrhage

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what are the types of conjunctivitis

infective

non-infective

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list infective causes of conjunctivitis

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bacterial
viral
chlamydial

list non-infective causes of conjunctivitis

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allergy
drugs / chemical
dermatological

describe follicles seen in follicular conjunctivitis

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avascular mounds of plasma cells + lymphoid tissue

‘grains of rice’ - white nodules filled with lymphocytes

causes of follicular conjunctivitis

viral chlamydial drugs

describe papillae seen in papillary conjunctivitis

vascular reaction | red spot with central vessel

causes of papillary conjunctivitis

pABillae - A - Allergic B - Bacterial

what is herpes zoster ophthalmicus

shingles in CNV1

what is Hutchinson's sign

involvement of the tip of the nose in shingles means the cornea is highly likely to be affected

what is keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

what are the layers of the cornea

epithelium stroma endothelium

types of corneal ulcers

central peripheral others

causes of central corneal ulcers

viral - herpetic - dendritic ulcer fungal bacterial acanthamoeba

causes of peripheral corneal ulcers

poorly controlled rheumatoid arthritis hypersensitivity vasculitis

other causes of corneal ulcers

exposure keratitis | Sicca - sjogrens

subtypes of anterior uveitis

``` autoimmune infective metabolic malignant others - idiopathic, trauma ```

autoimmune causes of anterior uveitis

Reiter's syndrome UC Ankylosing spondylitis sarcoidosis

infective causes of anterior uveitis

TB HSV HZV syphilis

metabolic cause of anterior uveitis

malignant cause of anterior uveitis

leukaemia

symptoms of anterior uveitis

red painful eye photophobia referred pain to brow

signs of anterior uveitis

injecting vessels around cornea hypopyon keratic precipitates synechiae

what is synechiae

irregular pupil shape from iris being tethered and stuck to lens

management of anterior uveitis

topical steroids | mydriatics

what condition is episcleritis associated with

gout

episcleritis is self limiting, true or false

true | may give topical NSAIDs

what conditions is scleritis associated with

rheumatoid arthritis | GPA

describe features of scleritis

painful very serious associated with uveitis

what can be used to differentiate between scleritis and episcleritis

phenylephrine - vasoconstrictor

episcleritis is phenylephrine positive/negative and scleritis is phenylephrine positive/negative

episcleritis - positive - vessels blanch and redness disappears scleritis - negative - vessels and redness remain

which refractive error increases risk of closed angle glaucoma

hypermetropia

symptoms and signs of acute closed angle glaucoma

``` acute red eye sudden loss of vision pain headache N+V stony hard eye injected vessels cloudy cornea mid dilated pupil ```

what are types of posterior uveitis

vitritis vasculitis retinitis/choroiditis

Red eye Flashcards

(53 cards)