Red Eye Flashcards
(33 cards)
Most common organism causing viral conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
Most common organism causing Bacterial conjunctivitis
1- Staph aureus
2- Strep pneumonia
3- H. Influnza.
Treatment of choice for bacterial conjunctivitis
1- Ciprofloxacin\Gatifloxacin
2- Sulfactamide
4- Gentamicin drops.
Differentiate between viral conjunctivitis VS allergic conjunctivitis:
Clear and watery in both.
- Itchy, swelling & associated with chemosis in allergic.
Treatment of choice for allergic conjunctivitis:
1- Topical: antihistamine, corticosteroid, NSAID, Mast cell stabilizer
2- Oral: antihistamine.
3- Other: Immunotherapy
4- Non-pharmacological: Avoid allergen.
How to differentiate between the appearance of episcleritis, scleritis, and Subconjunctival hemorrhage?
- Episcleritis: Segmental - Pink
- Scleritis: Diffuse\Segmental - Dark red, blue or purple
- Hemorrhage: Bright red
What are the most prominant differences between scleritis and episcleritis?
1- pain severity: scleritis is more painful & radiated
2- Vision loss: sometimes in scleritis
3- Photophobia: in scleritis
4- appearance.
Treatment of choice for episcleritis:
1- Supportive + Artificial tears.
2- Topical steroids in severe cases
When to refer patients with Episcleritis?
1- Recurrent
2- Unclear if early scleritis
3- worsening
When to refer patients with scleritis?
Immediately within 24 hours of diagnosis.
Treatment of choice in scleritis:
Oral NSAID
Red eye diseases associated with systemic diseases include:
1- Episcleritis (early diseases)
2- Scleritis (Vasculitis - Autoimmune)
3- Uveitis (Seronegative)
What are the structures involved (inflamed) in Anterior uveitis:
- cilliary body
- iris
How does the eye look like in anterior uveitis?
Curcumocorneal redness with meiosis
Treatment of choice in anterior uveitis
1- Myadritics to release spasm
2- corticosteroid drops to reduce inflammation.
Most common risk factor for keratitis:
Contact lens
Others: Corneal ulcer (infectious - traumatic)
How does the eye look like in keratitis?
1- Diffuse erythema 2- ciliary injections 3- pupil constriction 4- hazy cornea. 5- discharge
Keratitis is considered an emergency referral because patients usually present with:
Vision loss, photophobia and pain.
Acute red eye, Unilateral, Painful eye associated with vision loss in old patient.
This history gives clue of:
Closed angle glaucoma.
What is the first step in treatment of closed angle glaucoma and why is it used?
1- IV\Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
2- Topical B-blocker
3- Hyper-osmotic agent
to regain normal intraocular pressure
What are the risk factors for subconjunctival hemorrhage?
1- coughing\sneezing
2- Dry eye with minor trauma
3- Trauma
4- blood thinners
Is Subconjuctival hemorrhage an emergency case?
Only when there’s penetrating injury or recurrent (might indicate bleeding disorder)
Which of the following cases is emergency and which is urgency referral?
[close angle glaucoma - Hyphema & hypopnea - Iritis - Keratitis - Scleritis - abrasion & foreign body]
Emergency: close angle - hyphema\hypopnea - bacterial keratitis
Urgency: iritis - viral keratitis - scleritis - abrasion\foreign body.
What is the most common viral organism to cause keratitis?
HSV - VZ
