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Clin Med I > Red eye X2 > Flashcards

Red eye X2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Posterior chamber

A

the area behind the irs on the sides of the lens

- the fluid drains out of the trabecular meshwork

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2
Q

Limbus

A

Where the sclera meets the iris

- usually a dark circle around the aris

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3
Q

Chemosis

A

swelling of the conjuctiva

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4
Q

Hypopyon

A

leukocyte exudate in the anterior chamber of th eye

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5
Q

Clilliary flush

A

dialated conjunctival and episcleral vessals adjacent and curcumferential to the corneal

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6
Q

Tonometry

A

tool that measures of intraocular pressure

normal is 8-21

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7
Q

Blepharitis Present

A 
Eyelid indlammation due to meibomian gland disfunction
- chronic itching or bruning, scratching
- worse in the morning
- not vision decrease 
erythema, scales, debris
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8
Q

Blepharitis tx

A

Warm ompress and baby shampoo lid scribs
Abx:
- Bacitracin opthalmic ointment
-Erythromycin or Azithromycin ointment

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9
Q

Dry Eye present

A 
* can be caused by blephritis, autoimm, hormonal changes, ectropian, meds 
Pres: chronic itching burning scratching
tired eyes especially in the PM 
- Vision fluctuation!
-poor tear film
- punctate epithelial erosions 
\+ schirmer test (>10cm)
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10
Q

Dry Eye Managment

A

-artificl tears/oinments
- opthamology referal
- topical cyclosporing
+/- topical glucocorticoids
punctal plugs

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11
Q

Hordeolum

A

Caused by infected eyelash root
Painful swelling
Tx: warm compress, abx if needed, steroid inection or surgery (refer)!

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12
Q

Chalazion

A

Presetn: clogged meiobian gland
usually not painfull
usually doesnt make the entire lid well
Tx: warm compress, abx, steroid or surgery

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13
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

Pres: inlfamation of lacrimal gland
- pain in area of swelling, epiphoria
acute: viral or bacterial source
Chronic: non infectious inflmmatory disorders or orbitaltumor,

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14
Q

Pinguecula

A

clear thin tissue that covers part of the sclera
- can be assoaiated with aging usually do not cause vision loss
Tx: lubricating drops and sunglass use and possible surgery

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15
Q

Pterygium

A

thickening of the bulbar conjuctiva which grows slowly but can progess across cornea

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16
Q

Preseptal Cellulitis

A 
Present: eyelid pain and they may or may not have erythema but will have swelling 
- no proptosis 
-no imparement of vison
- not pain with oular movement 
- chemosis is rare 
Dx: CT with contrast or MRI
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17
Q

Preseptal Cellulitis Tx

A

Outpatient
Tx: clindamycin or Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
and sugmentin or
cefpodoxamine
*refer to opth
Inpatient: for people under two years of age, inability to differentate presebtal from orbital cellulitis > vancomycin+ceftriaxone+metronidazole

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18
Q

Oribital Cellulitis

A

Presentation: eyelid swelling, erythema, fever common, propotosis common, impaired and painful *occular movement, optic nerve involvment
+/- impared vision, chemosis, leukocytosis

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19
Q

Oribital cellulitis Dx/Tx

A

Dx- CT with contrast or MRI
Tx: vancomycin and cetriaxone and metrinidozol
opthalmology consult, hospital admin, surgery if abscees forms or needs to be decompressed

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20
Q

Conjunctivitis

Study These Flashcards
A

inlfmation of the conjuctive

etiology: viral, allergic, or bacterial, vision usally unaffected

21
Q

Viral Conjunctiva present

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A

Present: acute following a URI often

  • severe injection, watery discharge, preauricular lymphadenopthy
  • may feel like they have something in their eye
22
Q

Viral conjuctiva managment

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A

Warm compress, supportive, self limiting 2-3 wks, opth consult if think its herpes or immunocomp

23
Q

Bacteril COnjunctiva pres

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A

s. aureus

Presentation: usually unilateral, moderate injection, thick mucopurulent discarge

24
Q

Bacterial conjuctivitis tx

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A

Topical abx

  • erythromycin
  • trimethoprim-polymyxin B
  • ciprofloxacin
  • azithromycin
  • no contact use*
25
Conjunctivitis | c. tachomatis
Rare- adults by direct contact and peds neonatally Present: can develope chronic conjunctivitis- weeks to months - may be ass with keratitis and non tender preauricular adenopathy Dx: culture and PCR Tx: erythromycin 500mg qid 7d azithromycin 1g po x 1
26
N. Gonorrhea bacterial conjunctivitis
``` Present: Unilateral or bilateral sever profuse, purulent discharge -chemosis - lid swelling - moderate to severe injection *severe and sight threatening - sx occur within 12 hrs of inoculation ```
27
Gonorrhea conjuctiva Dx/Tx
Dx: giemsa stain, gram stain, Tx: admit to hosp, ceftiazone 1gm IM x 1 opthalmology consult
28
allergic conjuctivits
Pres: chronic sx, bilateral, mild injection, stingy discharge, **itching** Tx: lubricating drops, cool compress, OTC antihistamines, antihistaine drops
29
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Sx: acute, spontaneous, asymptomatic blood in the conjunctiva Signs: visions usually not affectuve Tx: reassurance
30
Scleritis cause
inflam or autoimm dis or the sclera particularly vasculitis | - can be acute or chronic > potentially blinding !
31
Anterior Scleritis pre/dx
Present: - severe constant eye pain, worse in am - pain radiates to face and periorbital region - pain increase with EOMs - HA -epiphoria - hyperemia Types: diffuse (most common), nodular, necroizing Dx: violaceous redness, pain with pressure, scleral edema (c slit lamp)
32
Posterior scleritis pres/dx
no hyperemia unless associated with anterior scleritis - milder sx - slid light exam can show disk edema Dx: orbit may appear normal, slit lamp will show inflammation
33
Scleritis tx
refer to opth and rheum - slit lamp exam - tral NSAIDs, oral gluccocorticoids
34
Episcleritis present
``` Abrupt, F>M Pres: bright red epirscleral discoloration irritation epiphora vision not affected pain typically not pain -normal sclera on slit exam ```
35
Episcleritis Dx/ Tx
Dx: clinical and normal appearing underlyign sclera Tx: Refer, slit lamp exam, top lubricants, topical or oral NSAIDs, topical glucocorticoids, assess for other disease
36
Corneal Abraisons pres
Acute onset of pain, foreign body sensation, epihora +/ vision affected
37
Corneal abrasion tx
fluorecien stain, topical lub, top abx, oral pain meds, NO patching ** do not give topical anesthetic drops**
38
Chemical Injury presentation
Caustic Chemical exposure - acute pain/ burning/ blurred vision/ vision decreased +/- coneal abrasion
39
Chemical Injury Tx
Immediate irrigate Morgans lens for prolonged irrigation topical lubricants/antibiotics Get opthalmology
40
Corneal Foreign Body
Pres: acute onset of foreign body sensation usually with associated event -vision usually unaffected with visual foregin body
41
COrneal Foregin body Managemt
determien mechanism of injury Remove> irrigation> cotton tipped applicator > specialized fb removal tool lubricant/antibiotic drops
42
Keratitsis/corneal ulcer
Present: acute onset of pain, mucous discharge, contact lense abuse, vision usually decreased, white infiltrate +/-hypopyon Tx: intensive topical antobiotics, opthamology referall
43
Keratitis- HSV
- will have a dendritic pattern when stained - refer an treat with topical antivirals
44
Hyphema
Blood in naterior chamber Present: acute onset of pain, photohobia, nausea/vomitin +/- vision decrease
45
Hyphema managment
- correct underlying coagulopathy - treat pain N/V - evalate head of bed - refer to opthal control intracoular pressure, cycloplegics, glucocorticoids, short term topical anesthetic
46
Uveitis
inflammation of the uveal tissue - anterior or posterior chroid can be affected - can occur as an isolated process, immune mediated response of drug resonse Ant: inflamamtion of the iris and cilliary body Post: inflammation posterior to the lens Panuveitis: inlfammation in the anterior/posterior
47
Uveitis Presentation
Ant: pain, cilliary flsuh (white circle around), photophobia, hypopyon, blurred vision, increased tearing Post: painless, floaters, blurred vision
48
Uveitis dx/tx
ds: clinical and slit lanp Tx: opthalmology referal, topical glucocoriticoids/NSAIDs, cycloplegic grios if IOP Comp: cataracts, irregular pupil due to scar tissue, swelling and increased eye pressure

Clin Med I (14 decks)

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