Red Grapes Flashcards
Aglianico... Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym- many, they all sound aglianico-ish. It’s an old grape.
Color- red
Region/doc(g)s-campania, basilicata, puglia, Abruzzo, molise.
3 Docg-taurasi(85% required), taburno(100%), vulture Superiore(100%), 17 doc- cilento, sannio, gallucio, 66 igt
Blends with- piedirosso (campania), primitivo (puglia), montepulciano in other growing regions.
Style-structured, floral, mineral, age worthy
Biotypes/clones- taurasi-cylinder bunch, small berries, taburno-aka aglianico amaro due to high acid-also has large bunch, vulture-intensely fruity, redimore- a mastroberardino biotype
Characteristics-thick skin, disease resistant, high acid and tannin,
Related to- not listed
Barbera... Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym
Color- red
Region/doc(g)s- everywhere. Mostly north- mainly Piedmont, Lombardy, ER, Grand Cru- Asti.
DOCG- Barbera d’Asti, nizza, monferrato superiore, 34 doc, 105 igt
Blends with- Nebbiolo (Langhe Rosso) Style- darkest wine in Piedmont (high Malvin), high acid, tart red fruit
Biotypes/clones-several. Barbera grossa=bigger berries
Characteristics-med large pyramid bunch, dark bloomy berries. Vigorous and drought resistant. Loves clay soils
Related to- no other Piedmont varietals oddly enough
Calabrese Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym-Nero d ‘Avola
Color- red
Region/doc(g)Sicily, Calabria
DOCG- cerasuolo di Vitoria (50-70%)20 doc 60 igt
Blends with-frapatto (up to 50%) in cerasuolo di Vitoria
Style- rich, red cherry, spicy, herbal
Biotypes/clones- 4 biotypes are being studied. 4 official clones
Characteristics- vigorous, trouble with flowering, ripens earlier than frappato, can handle damper soils than frappato. Likes the heat!
Related to
Corvina Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym -corvino (Lombardy)
Color-red
Region/doc(g)s-Veneto. DOCG- amarone….(45-95%), recioto…(45-95%), bardolino (35-80%) 4 doc, 15 igt
Blends with-corvinone, rondinella, Molinara
Style-lends itself to air drying (thick skins)
Biotypes/clones- corvina rizza (rare), corvina gentile (good potential)
Characteristics- pyramid bunch with big wings, productive, dislikes disease and sunburn therefore likes pergola training
Related to- igrandparent is marzemino, parent is refosco dal pudunctolo rosso, is child is rondinella. Also close to oseleta and dindarella
Cannonau Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym-Alicante (Sicily), tocai Rosso( veneto), Gamay perugino (Umbria),
Color- red
Region/doc(g)s- Sardinia, 2 doc- cannonau di Sardinia, mandrolisai, 15 igt. Grows in volcanic soils like colli berici (vicenza), colli Eugenia (padova), and near the shores of lake trasimeno in Umbria.
blends with-not listed
Style- still, dry, fresh and faded, field herbs, gamay perugino is typically bitter/almond, underbrush and best at 3-5 years
Biotypes/clones- tocai rosso has bigger berries, more compact bunches therefore biotype
Characteristics- never dark in color( unstable anthocyanins)
Related to
Dolcetto Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym- ormeasco (Liguria)
Color- red
Region/doc(g)s Piedmont, Liguria, Sardinia
3docg-dogliani, Diano, ovada superiore, 13 doc, 48 igt
Blends with-
Style-ovada=floral and powerful, Diano=in the middle,not as light as the mongregalesi versions=austere and tannic, dolcetto d’alba=fullest bodied
Biotypes/clones- many- nibio is a red stalk biotype/poetentially different varietal
Characteristics- fragile buds, sensitive to cold and damp weather, ripens early, berries are sweet when ripe (little sweet one). Reductive,
Related to
Gaglioppo Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym- criotana (bivongi)
Color- red
Region/doc(g)s- Calabria, campania, marche, Sicily
8 doc- bivongi, donnici, lamezia, pollino, savuto, ciro. 45 igt
Blends with- magliocco (best partner) Cabernet Sauvignon (too much tannin)
Style- unstable color due to 60% cyanin and peonin and only 15% malvin, and very low acylated. Tannic with high acid, herbal, red berries, underbrush, saline, mineral.
Biotypes/clones- multiple biotypes. Paesano and napolitano described in 1921, the latter is more vigorous
Characteristics- med large conical, compact bunches, med large oval berries.
Related to- Sangiovese crossed with mantonico = parents, sibling to frappato?
Montepulciano Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name/synonym Color- red Region/doc(g)s- Abruzzo, marche, molise, lazio, Tuscany, puglia, Umbria 3 DOCG- Colline teramene (min 90%), conero rosso (min 85%), offida rosso ( min 85%), 36 doc, 88 igt Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Nebbiolo Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Nebbiolo
Name/Synonyms: Spanna (NE Piedmont), Picotener (Valle d’Aosta), Chiavennasca (Lombardy). Pignolo (another name for Barbaressco, not commonly used)
Colour: red #160
Regions of location: Piedmont, Lombardy, Valle d’Aosta DOCG- Barolo, Barbaresco, Gattinara, Ghemme, DOC Lessona, Boca, Sfursat (air dried Nebbiolo). Donnas (Valle d’Aosta), Fara, Lessona, Boca all producing wines to look for.
Biotypes/Clones: At least 30 different biotypes of Nebbiolo. Most importants are Nebbiolo Bolla (high yielding, poor quality), Lampia (most dependable), Michet (the best), Rose – the latter is now a distinct cultivar. Only 2 genotypes: Nebbiolo Lampia, and Nebbiolo Rosé. Biotypes Bolla, Picotendro, Chiavennasca all originate from Lampia. 3 main phenotypes: Michet, Rosé, Lampia. Michete is a virus affected form of Lampia and therefore the two look different though they are genetically one and the same. Lampia is considered the main ‘real’ nebbiolo variety. Freisa is closely linked to Nebbiolo Lampia. Other close relatives are Negrera (valtellina), Nebbolo Rosé, Vespolina, Bubbierasco, Pignola, Rossolino Nero (rare), Neretto di San Giorgio, Brugnola, and Rossola. These could all be parents or off-spring. 46 Clones
Blending partner: Croatina, Pignola, Vespolina, or Brugnola.
Grand Crus: Brunate, Cannubi, Cerequino top, Rocche dell’Annunziata, Rocche di Castiglione Falletto, Vigna Rionda.
Style: Wines age amazingly well due to a combination of dry extract, total acidity, tannins, and alcohol.
Structure/Characteristics: Ripens late in the fall when fog (nebbia) is common in the vineyards. Michet- small compact bunches. Sensitive to spring frost. Loves the clay-limestone soils of Albese. Aromas of red roses and sour cherries, with light sweet spices, and tar with bottle age
Sangiovese Name/synonym Color Region/doc(g)s Blends with Style Biotypes/clones Characteristics Related to
Name / Synonyms: Grechetto Rosso, Prugnolo Gentile (Montepulciano), Morellino, Brunello, Nielluccio (Corsica), Toustain (Algeria), a bunch others starting with Sangiovese.
Colour: Red #218, #96 Grechetto Rosso, #201 Prugnolo Gentile.
Regions/DOC/DOCG: Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, Lazio, Marche, Puglia, Sicilia, Umbria. 6 DOCG in Tuscany min 50% of more Sangio (Brunello, Carmigiano, Chianti, Chianti Classico, Morellino, Nobile di Montepulciano). And in almost all main DOC & IGTs in Tuscany. Veneto’s Bardolino, Valdadige, Valpolicella, (ER) Sangiovese di Romagna, Montefalco Rosso (Umbria), Rosso Piceno, Rosso Conero (Marche) Velletir (Lazio), Gioia del Colle (Puglia).
Blending partners: Canaiolo Nero, Ciliegiolo, Mammolo, Colorino, Malvasia, trebbiano, Montepulciano, cab sauv, Merlot.
Style: Dry still reds, and sweet wines in Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice, rosato, and age worthy reds.
Biotypes/Clones: Tuscan & Romagna Sangiovese biotypes include, Brunello, Prugnolo Gentile, Sangiovese grosso di Lamole, Sangiovese Montanino, Sangiovese Romagnolo, Sangiovese Marchigiano, Nielluccio – are of the sangiovese grosso biotype. Sanvicetro, sangiovese Piccolo di Montalcino, Morellino are Sangiovese Piccolo Biotype. There are at least 30 biotypes of Morellino in the Scansano area alone. Sangioves has the highest number of clones registered with 102, many have different morphological, phonological, and enological characteristics. T-19 is believed to be the best, it is a clone from Emilia-Romagna. Bondi Santi one of the first families in the world to have a clone named after it BBS-11.
Characteristics: Late ripening variety. Anthocyanin profile is rich in Malvin, and Cyanin, and no acylated anthocyanins. Sangio ripens better in warmer more southernly Montalcino than it does in Chianti Classico, and even more in Maremma. Suffers from early frost cause it beds early. Best soils are not fertile, well-draining, galestro are best. Red currants, sour red cherry aromas, and mouth searing acidity.
Closely related Varietals: Nerello Mascalese & Gaglioppo have closest genetic ties to Sangio. Ciliegiolo is an offspring of Sangiovese & Muscat Rouge de Madere.
Aleatico:
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Name/Synonyms: Aleatico, Aleatica di Firenze, Aleatichina, Aleatico de Corse, Aleatico dell’Elba, Aleatico de Portoferraio, Aleatico di Altamura, Aleatico di Beneventoare… Parent off-spring relationship with Moscato.
Clolour: Red #9
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Tuscany, Lazio, Marche, Puglia, Sicily, Umbria. Tuscan Islands of Elba and Capria which represent the grand curs for this grape. In Marche Vernacchi di Pergola is made with Aleatico, the grand cru here is Grifoleto. DOCG Elba Aleatico Passito. 10 DOCs, 47 IGT’s. The best wines are grown around Lazio’s lake Bolsena.
Bombino Nero
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Bombino Nero
Name/Synonyms:
Clolour: Red #33
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Puglia, ground around Foggia, bari, and Taranto, and mostly in the castel de Monte area. Grand Cru sites are Ruvo, and Cortato. One DOCG Castel del Monte Bombino Nero. DOC wines such as Castel del Monte and Lizzano, and roughly 30 IGT wines like Sardinia, Lazio, and Basilicata.
Brachetto
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Brachetto
Name/Synonyms: Brachetto- a very aromatic grape. Brachetto a Grappolo Grande (also known as Brachettone, Birbet, Brachetto Lungo del Roero, Brachetto Migliardi (grown mainly between Aqui & Nizza Monferato). The recognized grand cru for Brachetto is Acqui Terme. Nonaromatic Brachettos are not true brachettos at all, but other varieties eroniously called Brachetto. Produced both still & Sparkling.
Clolour: Red #40
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Piedmont, in the vineyards around Asti & Alessandria. 1 DOCG Brachetto d’Aqui, DOC Piedmont Brachetto. No IGT, but actually a few rows grown in Emilia Romagna.
Cagnulari
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Cagnulari:
Name/Synonyms: Cagnulari, Bastardo nero, Cada Reio, Caldareddu, and Cagliunari. Some speculation to weather it is identical to Bovale Sardo, and Graciano. Officially no clones.
Colour: Red #45 (usually blended with Cannonao and Pascale).
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Sardinia, grown in the countryside around Iaairi, Ossi, Tissi, Sorso, Usini, and Usi. Usini is only potential grand cru.
Canaiolo Nero
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Canaiolo Nero
Name/Synonyms: translates to the dog days of August.
Clolour: Red #49 (Blends well with sangiovese)
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, Marche, Liguria. Very Ancient Tuscan Varietal. Discovered in Umbria that some Canaiolo is in fact Colorino del Valdarno.
Carignano
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Carignano
Name/Synonyms: Carignan (france), Carinena, Mazuelo (Spain),
Colour: Red #54
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Sardinia, Lazio, Sicily, Marche, Tuscany. DOC Carignano del Sulcis, grown around the areas of Sulcis Iglesiente and the towns of Giba, Santa Anna Arresi, Santa Giovanni Suergui, Santadi, Masanais, Carbonia, Santo Antioco, and Calasetta. Grand Cru is considered Calasetta & Sant’Antioco (sandy-clay soils). Also blended in DOC Sicilia, 36 IGTs. Traditional rather then a native grape of Italy.
Cesanese Commune
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Cesanese Commune:
Name/Synonyms: Bonvino Nero, Cesanese Rosso, Cesanese Nero, Nero Ferrigno, Sanguinella. 3 different biotypes though names aren’t mentioned. Only 1 offical clone
Colour: Red #61 (ripe red cherries, delicate sweet spices, and red rose petals)
Associated Regions, DOC/DOCG: Lazio, Tuscany, Umbria, Sicily. DOCG Cesanese del Piglio, 6 DOC in Lazio, 13 IGTs.
Cesanese d’Affile, native to the area of the town of cesanese. Same DOCG & DOCs with in Lazio.
Chatus
Name/Synonyms, Region, Colour…
Chatus:
Name/Synonyms: Bournin, Nebbiolo di Dornero, Brunetta, Scarlattinin (in Val di Susa)
Colour: Red #379 (still some debate whether it is native or traditional. Wine is deeply hued and well structured, purple-black, delicately spicy herbal aromas, with hints of blueberry and prunes.. Blends with Barbera.
Associated Regions: Piedmont, 2 DOC, Colline Saluzzesi & Pinerolese.
