Redemption Flashcards
1
Q
What is Redemption?
A
Jesus making up for Adam and Eve’ sin, and bringing humans back into relationship with God.
2
Q
What does the ‘Fall of Man’ refer to?
A
The ‘Fall of Man’ refers to when Adam and Eve disobeyed God by eating the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden.
3
Q
What is meant by ‘original sin’?
A
The catholic teaching that ‘The Fall’ caused all people to be born with a tendency to commit sin.
4
Q
What is sin?
A
An action that rejects God’s will.
5
Q
Why did God give humans free will?
A
God gave us free will because he wants us to choose to follow him.
6
Q
What causes the continual existence of sin?
A
The misuse of free will causes sin to exist.
7
Q
What does atonement mean?
A
Making amends for a wrongdoing.
8
Q
How do Christians believe Jesus redeemed/atoned for the sins of humanity?
A
The 4 Steps to Redemption:
1) Death
2) Burial
3) Resurrection
4) Ascension
9
Q
Why is Jesus’ Death and Burial significant?
A
- Jesus showed total obedience and continual love to God the Father.
- Jesus showed that God is with people in death.
10
Q
Why is Jesus’ Resurrection significant? Why is it the most important of the four steps?
A
- Life after death is made possible as sin and death can be overcome. MOST IMPORTANT.
- All 4 Gospel’s tell that Jesus rose from the dead & NOT A MYTH.
- Those who died before Jesus, rose to heaven with him (e.g Noah, Abraham…)
11
Q
What quote from Paul emphasises the importance of christian belief in the Resurrection?
A
“If Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are in your sins” - Paul to the Corinthians
12
Q
Why is Jesus’ Ascension significant?
A
- Jesus rose to heaven, showing that he is with the Father (at the right hand…)
- Christians believe they will also be raised to heaven.
13
Q
What did Jesus restore through his death, burial, resurrection and ascension?
A
Jesus restored the ‘cosmic order’ and the perfection of creation.
*redeemed the actions of Adam and Eve.
14
Q
What is meant by the term salvation?
A
Being saved (or freed) from sin and eternal separation from God.
15
Q
What is the difference between salvation and redemption?
A
Jesus redeemed humans, which made salvation possible.
16
Q
What do catholics believe about the nature of salvation and redemption in the context of time?
A
They believe they are ongoing/continual.
17
Q
How did salvation happen in the past?
A
Jesus’ death, burial, resurrection and ascension (4 steps) made it possible again for people to enter heaven and be in relationship with the father since the Fall of Man.
18
Q
How does salvation impact christians in the present?
A
- People choose whether to accept or reject salvation by following or not following Jesus’ teachings.
- Sin has to exist for salvation to be reached.
- The holy spirit guides people towards the father in heaven (salvation) - Catherine LaCugna.
19
Q
How will salvation be completed in the future?
A
Salvation will be completed at the end of time when sin and death are completely destroyed.
20
Q
What is a metaphor?
A
A figure of speech that helps explain an idea.
21
Q
What 2 saints use metaphors to explain salvation/redemption? (Tradition)
A
1) St Irenaeus
2) St Anselm
22
Q
What metaphor does St Irenaeus use?
A
The ‘Tree of the Cross’
23
Q
What does the tree represent in St Irenaeus’ metaphor?
A
The tree created the need for salvation (broke the relationship with God).
24
Q
What does the Cross represent in St Irenaeus’ metaphor?
A
The cross brought salvation for all (Jesus’ death).
25
What is the link between a cross and a tree? What do the roots of the tree represent?
- Both are wooden - cross carved from tree
| - Salvation is deeply rooted in Jesus' sacrifice.
26
What metaphor does St Anselm use?
The metaphor of slavery.
27
What does St Anselm say about humans before redemption?
Humans became slaves to sin after the Fall of Man.
28
What does St Anselm say about salvation after redemption?
Jesus paid a ransom for the sins of all humans with his life.
29
What is conscience?
The voice of God in our hearts, guiding us to make the right choice.
30
What 2 sides to catholics believe there are to conscience? (Magisterium)
1) Natural Instincts - natural law (born with sense of right and wrong)
2) An educated conscience - need to be shaped and developed by listening to church teachings and others.
31
What Vatican II quote supports ideas about conscience? (Magisterium)
"The conscience is the most secret core of a man...where he is above with God" - VII
Meaning: Conscience is about your personal relationship with God.
32
What does John Henry Newman say about using conscience to interpret church teachings? (Magisterium)
"I toast the pope, but I toast my conscience first" - John Henry Newman
*toast = consult
33
What type of church teachings may be open to interpretation by an individual's conscience?
- Whether to use contraception.
- Whether to take communion.
- Whether to have an abortion.
34
Where in a 12 marker exam question might talking about conscience be a good idea?
In the conclusion.
35
What are the 3 names of Jesus based on his death and crucifixion? What do they each mean?
1) Jesus, the example - his total obedience and resilience in suffering is an example to us.
2) Jesus, the restorer - he restored the relationship between God and humanity. He is the 'new Adam' - new relationship with humanity.
3) Jesus, the victor - he conquered sin, suffering and death. Jesus is fully human - so we share in the victory.
36
Where in the Bible is 'Jesus, the example' relevant?
Mark 14 - Garden of Gethsemane
| Mark 15 - Actual Crucifixion - "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"
37
Where in the Bible is 'Jesus, the restorer' relevant?
Mark - Curtain at the temple tears "the curtain at the temple tore into"
38
Where in the Bible is 'Jesus, the victor' relevant?
Ephesians 2 - "We are God's handiwork....which God prepared in advance for us to do"
We share in the God's condition as Jesus shared in ours (fully human).
39
How does Mary Magdalene react to seeing Jesus risen from the dead?
She didn't recognise him and thought he was a gardener.
Emphasises the unrecognisable difference that Christ's death made.
40
How is the Ascension significant in terms of discipleship?
Jesus leaves his Apostles promising thay he will send his spirit and return again to fulfil his mission.
He leaves them with his command "Go make disciples of all nations".
41
When does Jesus fulfil his promise to the disciples and send his spirit?
Pentecost (The Coming of the Holy Spirit).
42
How is the Pentecost significant in the Bible?
Acts 2: "violent wind" "tongues of fire"
Wind and fire symbolise God's presence.
The Apostles were "filled with the holy spirit" which gave them the courage and the ability to go out and help people reach SALVATION.
43
How do the readings (liturgy of the word) in mass reflect understandings of Redemption?
- Catholics reminded that God guided his people.
- The Gospels show through Jesus, how God loves, heals, restores and forgives all people.
- Jesus is the word of God.
44
What parts of the mass are grouped as the Eucharist - thanksgiving to God?
The Offertory, The Eucharistic Prayer, The Our Father & Communion
45
How does the Offertory reflect understandings of Redemption?
Bread and wine are presented as a sign of thanksgiving to God for salvation.
46
What does the Eucharistic Prayer remind of us?
The 'words of institution' said at the Last Supper by Jesus - these words founded Communion.
"This is my body....This is my blood....Do this in memory of me"
47
What does transubstantion mean?
```
Trans = change
Substantiation = of substance
```
Transubstantiation means the change of bread into the Body of Christ, and the change of wine into the Blood of Christ.
48
What does Consecration mean?
Declaring something to be holy or sacred.
49
What is the difference between the transubstantiation and the consecration in the catholic faith?
The transubstantiation is the actual change.
The consecration is the moment where the bread and wine are made holy and Christ's real presence is acknowledged and declared.
50
How does the Eucharistic Prayer reflect understandings of Redemption?
- 'Breaking' bread and 'pouring' wine symbolise the brutal suffering Jesus went through during his death - which he went through to bring humans salvation.
- "Take this and eat this..." - Jesus' command to eat and drink allows humanity to share in his redemption.
- "The blood of the new and eternal covenant" - new covenant sealed by Jesus' blood - it is permanent and binding.
- "Do this in memory of me" - makes it a reality in Mass; not just a re-enactment.
- 'Bell rings 3 times' - bell symbolises how its the most important part of the mass. It's rung 3 times to symbolise the 3 person's of the Trinity.
51
How does the Our Father in Mass reflect understandings of Redemption?
Through Jesus' death, we are brought back into relationship with The Father. He is now 'Our' Father.
52
How does Communion reflect understandings of Redemption?
- Through receieving the Eucharist, we recieve everything that Jesus is.
- We are given the power and strength to resist temptation to sin and are given "eternal life".
53
How does the end of Mass reflect understandings of Redemption?
Catholics go out into the world to share Christ's presence through their daily actions.
54
What does Mass celebrate wholistically?
Mass is a meal that celebrates the freedom of all believers as slaves of sin.
55
How is the Mass structured to enable Catholics to recieve the gift of the Eucharist?
Start of Mass —> Penitential Rite - sins forgiven
Eucharist —> Recieve the gift of salvation.
End of Mass —> Go straight into the world to share Christ's presence.
56
What do Catholics believe about the Mass in relation to christian life, according to the CCC?
Catholics believe the Mass is the 'souce and summit' of christian life - CCC
57
Why do Catholics believe the Mass is the 'source' of christian life?
- Recieveing the Eucharist at Mass is a 'source' of spiritual strength.
- Going to Mass 'keeps the Sabbath day holy'
58
Why do Catholics believe the Mass is the 'summit' of christian life?
-The Mass re-enacts the most important event in christianity (christ on the cross) and summons the real presence of Christ.
59
What 2 prayers are important in the mass?
1) Eucharistic Prayer (see previous flashcards)
| 2) Agnus Dei (Lamb of God)
60
Why is the Agnus Dei significant?
- Lambs were a common sacrifice to God.
- Lambs saved the Jews with their blood at the Passover
Jesus is the new Lamb, who "takes away the sins of the world". Through his sacrifice, we can reach salvation.
61
What is Eucharistic Adoration and what is Benediction?
Eucharistic Adoration - people pray in front of the Tabernacle as they believe the real presence of Christ is there.
Benediction - a short service in which the real presence of Christ is adored and praised.
62
What happens in a Benediction service? How is Eucharistic Adoration shown during communion?
Benediction:
- Consecrated bread is put on a display in a monstrance and lifted.
- Incense is used to symbolise the prayers going to God.
- Congregation kneel to show respect.
Eucharistic Adoration in communion:
-Some christians recieve it on the tongue to show that it's not just normal bread.
63
How do Orthodox Christians understand the Eucharist?
- Like Catholics, Orthodox Christians believe that the bread and wine becomes the actual body and blood of Christ.
- But, the Consecration takes places behind the Holy doors of the iconsostasis.
64
What are the holy doors of iconostasis? Why is it used during the Consecration in Orthodox christian services and what does it symbolise?
The iconostasis is a screen used in orthodox christian services to separate the altar from the congregation at certain points in the mass.
During the Consecration, the iconostasis represents the gates between heaven and earth. The Consecration is believed to be TOO HOLY to be seen. Heaven is the side where the consecration happens, earth is the side facing the congregation.
65
Who are Anglicans?
Anglicans are protestants from the Church of England.
66
How do Anglicans understand the Eucharist?
- Most anglicans believe that the bread and wine don't literally become the body and blood of Christ.
- The bread and wine are only symbolic of the body and blood.
- Christ is 'spiritually present' in the community of the Eucharist. NOT REAL PRESENCE like Catholics.
67
Who are Non-Conformist Christians?
Protestants who don't follow the central rules of the Church of England.
68
What are some examples of Non-conformist christians?
- Methodists
- Baptists
- Quakers
- Salvation Army
69
How do Non-conformist christians (methodists and baptists) understand the Eucharist?
- The Eucharist is a memorial of the Last Supper and not a re-enactment.
- The Bible is the most central part of worship as Christ is present in the word of God.
70
How do the Quakers and Salvation Army understand the Eucharist?
- Don't celebrate any form of the Eucharist.
- Don't practice sacraments - believe in the sacramental nature of reality.
- Believe that Christ is present in spirit, through their prayers and actions in serving others and God.
71
What does church with a small 'c' refer to?
The buildings that make up the church.
72
What does Church with a capital 'C' refer to?
The people of God and the institution.
73
What is architecture?
Design and construction.
74
How does the church (building) inspire worship?
- Care for decoration/design shows devotion and respect to God.
- Its beauty shows God's glory.
- Provides the space for both community and individual prayer and worship.
- Statues are role models to the congregation.
- Crucifix and Stations of the Cross inspire reflection on Jesus' suffering.
75
What meeting changed the way in which catholic churches were to be built?
Second Vatican Council, VII - 1962-65
76
What do churches built before 1965 look like? Why?
- Built in cross shape.
- Congregation face Jerusalem.
- Priest faces Jerusalem too, back to Congregation.
- Altar against the East Wall.
Less involvement of congregation - mass said in Latin.
77
What do churches built after 1965 look like? Why?
- Modern building
- Altar in the middle
- Circle shaped.
More involvement for the congregation - mass said in local language.
78
What is an example of a church built before and after 1965?
Before: Southwark Cathedral
After: Liverpool Cathedral
79
What would be some reasons against modern churches / alternative views?
- Don't worship idols.
- Neglects the importance of private prayer.
- Quakers + Salvation Army don't celebrate sacraments, so wouldn't care as much about the church.
80
What 4 ways do Catholics believe that Christ is present in the mass?
1) Consecrated Bread (hosts) and Wine
2) God's word (scripture/readings)
3) Priest - acts 'in persona Christi'
4) The worshippers (Body of Christ).
81
Why is Christ's real presence brought about by the gathering of worshippers?
Worshippers form the body of the church and the body of Christ:
"When two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them" - Matthew
82
How does the Lectern link to Redemption?
Lectern is the reading stand.
- Reading scripture brings about Christ's real presence.
- This brings us closer to salvation as Jesus is the Word of God made flesh.
83
How does the Crucifix link to Redemption?
- Reminds us that Jesus suffered for the sake of humanity.
| - Our gratitude is expressed through the Eucharist (thanksgiving)
84
Why is the Altar the most important interior feature of the church?
The Altar is the place of sacrifice and offering. It is where the consecration happens.
85
How does the Altar link to Redemption?
- The Altar is the place where Christ's real presence comes about.
- By recieving communion, which is prepared at the altar, we recieve the strength to resist sin.
86
How does the Tabernacle link to redemption?
Tabernacle houses the consecrated bread after mass (houses Christ's real presence).
- Enables the Eucharist to be reserved for others to recieve communion.
- Reservation of the Eucharist is important for spreading salvation and empowering those who can't attend mass (e.g sick).
87
Why do some christian denominations use a 'table' instead of an 'altar'?
To serve as a reminder of the Last Supper.
88
What 3 variations of the cross are there?
1) The Cross (empty)
2) The Crucifix
3) The Risen Christ
89
What does the Cross symbolise?
- Symbolises Jesus' victory over sin and death.
- Jesus is no longer on the cross as he has risen.
- Christians must be people of new life and not death.
90
What does the Crucifix symbolise?
- Emphasises the pain of Jesus' suffering.
- He suffered for the sake of humanity.
- Serves as a permanent reminder for the price Jesus paid to free us from sin.
91
What does the Risen Christ symbolise?
- Focuses on Christ as the glorified risen saviour.
- It is the resurrection that brings all things to their completion.
- Emphasises Jesus' resurrection.
92
How does Creation of Adam show that Redemption was there from the beginning?
Many believe that the child shown is Jesus.
All part of God's plan.
