reducing risk

Question 1

monitoring volcanoes

Answer 1

remote sensing - satellite detects heat and changes to volcano shape
grand deformation - changes to shape of volcano measured using lasers
steam from sublimation of snow and superheating of water

Question 2

prediction of volcanoes

Answer 2

increase in earthquake activity beneath volcano

example 2010 Eyjayallajökull in Iceland

Question 3

prediction of earthquakes

Answer 3

impossible to predict accurately
lack of clear warnings
can identify high risk areas/ perimeters

Question 4

protection against volcanoes

Answer 4

little to be done to mitigate against event

possible to divert lava using embankments

Question 5

protection against earthquakes

Answer 5

reinforced foundations
open areas = less damage and easier evacuation
automatic shutters preventing harm from broken glass
shock absorbers to reduce shaking
reinforced walls with steel and concrete
flexible outer panels reducing movement