ref europe midterm Flashcards
Address to the Christian Nobility of Germany
Luther asking the Christian Noblility,including emporer,to reform the church (1520)
Admonition to Peace
Luther’s Admonition to Peace was written to serve several functions, initially to prevent bloodshed at the hands of armed peasant groups, but also to remove the misinterpretation of scripture as justification for violence (1525)
Hans Behem
Drummer of Niklausen, leader of Germanpeasant revolt
Indulgence Controversy
controversy,triggered Luther topost his 99 theses. (1518)
Marburg Colloquy
- Dispute at Murburg Castle between Zwingli and Luther over the Bread
Seven Sacraments
Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, confession, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony.
Sola fide
Sola gratia
Sola scriptura
by faith alone
by grace alone
by scripture alone
Menno Simons
founder of the mennonnites, former Catholic priest
twelve articles
(1525) book of the German peasants demands in the peasants war.wanted things like human rights, the rights to dismiss preachers, let poor people hunt, less labor than what was currently happening, do away with the death tax
Lorenzo Valla
ad fontes scholar. discovered the Donation of Constable was forged. humanist.
Affair of the Sausages
(1522) sparked the Reformation in Zürich. Zwingi fed and spoke in favor of eating Sausage during lent.
Babylonian Captivity of the Church
(1520) published by Martin Luther. referemces “In 1309, the pope relocated his court from Rome to Avignon, France, where it stayed until 1376. The Italian scholar Francesco Petrarch called this period the Babylonian captivity. He believed that the popes during this era lost their spiritual integrity and became subject to the ambitions of the French king.”
diet of worms
(1521) The Diet of Worms in 1521 was a meeting of the Holy Roman Empire that condemned Martin Luther and his teachings. The meeting was a key moment in the Protestant Reformation.
bretehren of common life
Brethren of the Common Life.
The Brethren believe the New Testament is the guide for their faith and practice.
They believe the Bible is the Word of God and contains the only true way to salvation.
mainly focussed on Jesus
Conciliarism
a theory that a general council of the church has greater authority than the pope and may, if necessary, depose him
Desiderius Erasmus
humanist. writing two major works: “In Praise of Folly” and “Discussion on Free Will”. reformer,but still identified as catholic
Frederick the Wise of Saxony
protected Luther from prison, had the largest Relic collection
conrad grebel
founder of swiss bretehren movement
Melchior Hoffman
anabaptist, had a huge following, died in prison
Jan Hus
executed in 1415. influenced Luther. us called for a higher level of morality among the priesthood. Financial abuses, sexual immorality, and drunkenness were common among the priests of Europe.
vulgate
The Vulgate is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.
Martin Bucer
a Protestant reformer who began as a member of the Dominican Order but later (1523) adopted Lutheranism after hearing Martin Luther speak in Heidelberg..
known for his ceaseless attempts to make peace between conflicting reform groups.
Zwickau Prophets
Regardless of the exact relationship to Anabaptism, the Zwickau Prophets presented a radical alternative to Martin Luther and mainstream Protestantism as demonstrated in their involvement in disturbances in Wittenberg.
John Wycliffe
14th century critiquw of the church
