References

Question 1

Coupling Flourescin to Antibody

Answer 1

1940 Coons

Question 2

Identifying GFP Sequence and modify for new set of markers

Answer 2

Tsien et al 2008

Question 3

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

Answer 3

Ha et al 1996

Question 4

Development of Confocal

Answer 4

Minsky 1955 but built in 1980s

Question 5

Microtubule, Sea urchin egg and Plasmacytoma cell

Answer 5

White et al 1987

Question 6

Size of various biological entities and diffraction limit

Answer 6

Huang 2010

Question 7

Development of STED

Answer 7

Hell 1999

Question 8

SIM development

Answer 8

Gustaffsson et al early 2000s

Question 9

Rendering of adult mouse cerebral cortex using 2 photon

Answer 9

Ke et al 2016

Question 10

Discovery of X ray

Answer 10

Rontgen 1895

Question 11

DEXA Body comp and 8 weeks of overfeeding

Answer 11

Levine 1999

Question 12

Images of CT machines

Answer 12

Romans 2019

Question 13

Discovery of the CT

Answer 13

Hounsfield and Cormack 1979

Question 14

How the CT works

Answer 14

Moore 2017

Question 15

Non-invasive diagnosis of Tumours CT

Answer 15

De Clerk et al 2004

Question 16

Sexual dimorphism in lung shape

Answer 16

Torres-Tamayo et al 2018

Question 17

Pterygomaxillary fissure size

Answer 17

Puche-Torres et al 2017

Question 18

Hepatic vein variations for use in liver resection

Answer 18

Lin et al 2023

Question 19

Inner ear shape in humans and chimpanzees

Answer 19

Gunz et al 2013

Question 20

Feralisaurus Corami

Answer 20

Cavicchini et al 2020

Question 21

Maxillary sinus shape and volume of Macaque

Answer 21

Marquez and Laitman 2008

Question 22

Frontal sinuses of bovids

Answer 22

Farke 2010

Question 23

Inner ear of mummies

Answer 23

Dalchow 2013

Question 24

Who invented the helical CT scan?

Answer 24

Kalender 90s

Question 25

Discovery of slip rings

Answer 25

Multiple companies such as Siemens, Toshiba and GE helathcare in the 90s

Question 26

Who showed that electron beams behave similarly to light waves?

Answer 26

Broglie 1924

Question 27

Who developed the TEM

Answer 27

Knoll and Ruska 1931

Question 28

Build the first SEM

Answer 28

Knoll 1935

Question 29

Who discovered the direct electron counting detectors?

Answer 29

Henderson 2017

Question 30

Electron Tomography, hippocampal synapse

Answer 30

Tao et al 2018

Question 31

Cryo FIB early developments

Answer 31

Franke and Zeiss 2000s-2010s

Question 32

Serial blockface SEM

Answer 32

Denk in early 2000s

Question 33

Poliovirus 135S particle poised for membrane interaction

Answer 33

Butan 2014

Question 34

Discovery of Polio

Answer 34

Landsteiner and Popper

Question 35

Who contributes to vaccine development for small pox and chicken pox differences?

Answer 35

Calmette in the 60s

Question 36

Imaged the Covid 19

Answer 36

Wrapp 2020

Question 37

Architecture of SARS perfusion spike

Answer 37

Beniac 2006

Question 38

Mutations in LTBP4 causing URD

Answer 38

Genet 2009

Question 39

Cryo ET of beta amyloid and tau postmortem

Answer 39

Gilbert et al 2024

Question 40

Discovery of the positron

Answer 40

Anderson 1932

Question 41

Creation of the positron imaging device

Answer 41

Sweet and Brownell 1953

Question 42

Amyloid and Tau PET scans

Answer 42

Chapleau 2022

Question 43

PET of the auditroy cortex

Answer 43

Moteki 2011

Question 44

Discovery of the cyclotron

Answer 44

Lawrence and Livingston 1930

Question 45

Discovery of the rotating magnetic field

Answer 45

Tesla 1882

Question 46

Discovery of the spin of the nuclei

Answer 46

Rabi, Bloch and Purcell 1944

Question 47

First use of the MRI

Answer 47

Damadian

Question 48

Discovery of 2D images and line scanning in MRI

Answer 48

Lauterbur and Mansfield 2003

Question 49

Detecting awareness in the vegetative state

Answer 49

Owen et al 2006

Question 50

Confirmation of regionally regulated blood flow by the brain

Answer 50

Kety and Schmidt 1948

Question 51

First human fMRI

Answer 51

Belliveau 1991

Question 52

Example of fMRI signal in rat brain

Answer 52

Ogawa 1990

Question 53

Came up with dynamic causal modelling

Answer 53

Friston in early 2000s

Question 54

Imaging of different functional activations

Answer 54

Van Den Hueval 2010

Question 55

Diffusion MRI

Answer 55

Le Bihan 2003

Question 56

B=0 and B=1000 comparison

Answer 56

Vorona and Berman 2015

Question 57

Diffusion tractogrpahy imaging

Answer 57

Le Bihan 2003

Question 58

Dynamic contrast enhaned MRI

Answer 58

Calli 2006

Question 59

Multimodal imaging of carcinoma using diffusion tractography

Answer 59

Balliyan 2016

Question 60

20-years post tumour removal ASL image

Answer 60

Lindner er al 2023

Question 61

Advanced diffusion techniques measuring BBB function

Answer 61

Powell et al 2023

Question 62

OCT resolution and depth

Answer 62

Fujimoto et al 2020

Question 63

Michaelson Interferometer set up

Answer 63

Huang et al 1991

Question 64

Lateral and axial resolution and different light sources

Answer 64

Drexler, Fujimoto and Springer 2013

Question 65

Spectroscopic OCT

Answer 65

Matthews et al 2014

Question 66

Doppler principle

Answer 66

Liu et al 2012

Question 67

OCT angiography and diabetic retinopathy

Answer 67

Chua 2024

Question 68

Glaucoma

Answer 68

Shoukat 2023

Question 69

Doppler OCT image of retina flow

Answer 69

Yazdanfar 2000

Question 70

Polarisation of optic nerve in glaucoma vs healthy

Answer 70

Baumann and Bernhard 2017

Question 71

Skin structure and absorbancy

Answer 71

Azim et al 2017

Question 72

Structural images of skin OCT look like

Answer 72

Welzal 2001

Question 73

Squamous cell carcinoma OCT image

Answer 73

Zaid 2011

Question 74

High resolution OCT akin to microscopy

Answer 74

Dubois 2018

Question 75

Mice diabetic induction and associated polarisation of skin

Answer 75

Feng 2024

Question 76

Development of the circulator

Answer 76

Fujimoto 1990

Question 77

Spatial resolution

Answer 77

Toga and Mazziotta 2000

Question 78

First compound microscope

Answer 78

Hans and Jansen 1591

Question 79

Micrographia detailing mirror angles to allow sunlight to enter specimen

Answer 79

1665 Hooke

Question 80

Improvement of lenses to increase the resolution and magnification

Answer 80

Van Leewenhoek 1673

Question 81

Invention of apochromatic lens, addition of condensors and theoretical understanding to limits

Answer 81

Abbe 19th century

Question 82

Discovery of dark-field light microscopy

Answer 82

Kohler 1904

Question 83

Phase contrast microscope discovery

Answer 83

Zernike 1930

Question 84

Discovery of the microtome

Answer 84

Thomson 1841

Question 85

Discovery of the cryostat

Answer 85

Kolliker 1871

Question 86

Outline of Cajal and Golgi

Answer 86

Jones 2006

Question 87

Discovery of polyclonal antibodies

Answer 87

Calmette in early 1900s

Question 88

Discovery of the monoclonal antibody (hybridoma technology)

Answer 88

Kohler and Milstein 1975

Question 89

Cholinergic nerves in the inferior hypogastric plexus (foetus reconstruction)

Answer 89

Alsaid et al 2009

Question 90

Structural differences between small pox and chicken pox

Answer 90

Bernal and Fankuchen 1948