References

Question 1

Diplodocids can rear up but brachiosaurids can’t due to hip height and COM shown using kinetic-Dynamic modelling

Answer 1

Mallison (2011)

Question 2

Sauropods could use tail as support when rearing up

Answer 2

Daxter (1986)

Question 3

a near upright position for a prolonged time without great exertion

Answer 3

what does rearing up to feed require

Question 4

Dinosaur necks had a great range of movement not fixed position

Answer 4

Sanders et.al. (2009,2010)

Question 5

Center of Mass acronym

Answer 5

COM

Question 6

NASTRAN modelling and Kinetic-dynamic modelling

But needs a follow up with SIMN

Answer 6

Modelling used in Mallison (2011)

Question 7

Henderson (2006)

Answer 7

Diplodocus has most posterior COM of dinosaurs

Question 8

Why is it easy for diplodocus was to rear

Answer 8

acceleration easy to lift due posterior positioned center of mass

Question 9

what is the problem with general quadruped locomtoion for Diplodocus

Answer 9

Lateral undulating swaying energetically inefficient

Question 10

Course of simulation for dinosaur biomechanics must be made between extreme credulity & Nihilism

Answer 10

Hutchinson (2011)

Question 11

What does extreme creduility & nihilism means

Answer 11

Credulity- overlooking uncertainties

Nihilism- Uncertainties too daunting to continue

Question 12

Lauder (1995)

Answer 12

Hierarchical levels with organisms obscure the relationship between structure and function

Question 13

Wide diversity of contradictory models for walking and running

Answer 13

Pandy (2003)

Question 14

What do models need to be as accurate to relate structure to function

Answer 14

Validation and Sensitivity analysis

Question 15

What is sensitivity analysis

Answer 15

when the unknown parameters need to stated and quantified

Question 16

What is Validity

Answer 16

Shows how incorrect a models result may be
match some form of empirical data
Doesn’t make it accurate to reality which is noisy producing faults

Question 17

T rex may not have been able to run as T muscle mass per leg would have 43% of the body weight to run adequately

Answer 17

Hutchinson & Garcia (2002)

Question 18

Highest amount of T muscle mass as a percentage of body weight

Answer 18

25%

Question 19

How does trex only have 43% T muscle mass while a 6000kg Chicken scaled up has 99 t muscle mass per leg

Answer 19

Posterior position of hip joint and attachement

Question 20

Why was trex so slow only reaching 11m/s at max

Answer 20

Possible exchange of speed for size