RefinedModule2Pharm

Question 1

What should be avoided with cephalosporins?

a) statins
b) alcohol
c) MAOIs
d) chelating agents

Answer 1

Answer: b) alcohol should be avoided

remember the “chef” who had too much to drink on the show

Question 2

Which are side effects of cephalosporins?

a) bleeds
b) superinfections
c) Red man syndrome
d) long QT

Answer 2

Answer: a) bleeds

Remember the “chef” with his “ax”=ceftriaxone as well as cefazolin, cefotetan can cause bleeds

Question 3

True or false, cephalosporin coverage becomes more broad with later generations?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What coverage type increases with generations of cephalosporins?

Answer 4

More gram negative coverage

Question 5

What would 2nd generation cephalosporins be used for?

a) surgery prophylaxis
b) pseudomonas
c) pneumonia
d) meningitis

Answer 5

answer c) pneumonia and URI

Gives Gram + coverage and some gram - coverage

Question 6

Which generation of cephalosprins penetrate the CSF?

Answer 6

3rd- can be used to treat gram - bacteria and meningitis

Question 7

Which is not a use for 5th generation cephalosporins?

a) HAI
b) MRSA
c) enterobacteriaceae
d) pseudomonas

Answer 7

Answer: A)HAI (better treated with 4th gen)

Question 8

What is a side effect of cephalosporins?

a) long QT
b) hepatotoxicity
c) photosensitivity
d) renal impairment

Answer 8

Answer d)renal impairment

(remember the “dead” kidney on the “cooking show)

Most common SE is allergic reaction

Question 9

What drug can be used if a patient has a severe (anaphylactic) allergy to PCN?

a) cephalospoin
b) erythromycin
c) macrolide
d) none of these

Answer 9

Answer b&c

Erythromycin (a macrolide) can be used in patients with severe allergy to PCN. Avoid cephalosporin use as cross-allergy may exist (in severe allergies).

Question 10

Which of these is a penicillinase-reistant PCN?

a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) naficillin
d) penicillin G

Answer 10

Answer c)naficillin

Others include oxicillin and dicloxicillin

They treat STAPHYLOCOCCI ONLY–> gram + narrow

Question 11

Which penicillin is appropriate to treat staphylococci?

a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) oxicillin
d) penicillin V

Answer 11

Answer:

c) oxicillin

Others include naficillin and dicloxicillin

Question 12

Which of the following are broad-spectrum PCN?

a) amoxicillin
b) piperacillin
c) naficillin
d) penicillin G

Answer 12

Answer: a)amoxicillin

Ampicillin is the other. They cover mostly gram + and some gram -

Question 13

What does piperacillin cover?

a) gram -
b) gram +
c) both

Answer 13

Answer: a) gram -

Note: can be broad spectrum if combined with a Beta-lactamase inhibitor (sulbactam, tazobactam, clavulanic acid)

Question 14

If I use vancomycin, what am I treating?

Answer 14

MRSA or C.diff

Question 15

Which is a side effect of PCN?

a) QT prolongation
b) bleeds
c) renal toxicity
d) hemolytic anemia

Answer 15

Answer:

d)hemolytic anemia (remember the anemone that the “pencil villain” stole along with the hypersensitive hiker)

Question 16

Which is not a beta-lactamase inhibitor?

a) sulbactam
b) sulfamethoxazole
c) clavulanic acid
d) none of the above

Answer 16

Answer b)sulfamethoxazole

It is used to treat UTIs

Question 17

MALT in reference to mechanism of action refers to what 4 antibiotics?

Answer 17

Antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis
Macrolides: (azithromycin/erythromycin)
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamicin)
Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
Tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline)

Question 18

What is the suffix for macrolides?

Answer 18

“____thromycin”

Question 19

What is the suffix for tetracyclines?

Answer 19

“_____cycline”

Question 20

What are the aminoglycoside names?

Answer 20

GNATS

gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

Question 21

What medication is a lincosamide? (think MALT)

Answer 21

Clindamycin

Question 22

What are carbapenems used to treat?

a) skin
b) GI
c) STI
d) serious infections

Answer 22

Answer: d) serious infections

also used to treat urinary and GI infections

Question 23

What are aminoclygosides used to treat?

a) bacteremia
b) Lyme disease
c) STIs
d) skin

Answer 23

Answer: a)bacteremia and abdominal infections

Question 24

Acronym GLAM means what?

Answer 24

Most antibiotics cover gram + and gram - except GLAM:

Glycopeptide (vanco)=gram positive
Lincosamide (clindamycin)=gram positive
AmiNOglycoside= gram negative
Macrolides=gram positive

Question 25

Which is not a side effect of carbapenem? a) renal toxicity b) GI c) decreases valproate d) superinfections

Answer 25

Answer: a) renal toxicity

Question 26

Which is not a side effect of vancomycin? a) Red man syndrome b) ototoxic c) renal failure d) QT prolongation

Answer 26

Answer d)QT prolongation Other side effect is thrombocytopenia

Question 27

Telavancin (synthetic vancomycin) has what side effect? a) Red man syndrome b) ototoxic c) renal failure d) QT prolongation

Answer 27

Answer: d)QT prolongation

Question 28

Why would telvancin be used? a) to treat organism resistant to MRSA b) to treat organism resistant to piperacillin c) to treat C.diff d) to treat organism resistant to vancomycin

Answer 28

Answer: d) to treat organism resistant to vancomycin

Question 29

Aztreonam uses include: a) H. flu and pneumonia b) E. coli and pneumonia c) Klebsiella and H. pylori d) H. flu and pseudomonas

Answer 29

Answer: d) H. flu and pseudomonas

Question 30

Which is not a use for aztreonam: a) enterobacteriaceae b) E. coli c) shigella d) mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 30

Answer d) mycoplasma pneumoniae Treat that with tetracycline (doxycycline)

Question 31

Which beta-lactam antibiotic is resistant to beta-lactamase? a) PCN b) cephalosporin c) monobactam d) carbapenem

Answer 31

Answer: d) carbapenem | remember beta-lactamase "fish" with the resistance band in the video with a "penny" lead character

Question 32

What ABX can be given for a UTI during pregnancy? a) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole b) amoxicillin c) nitrofurantoin d) fosfomycin e) one or more of the above

Answer 32

answer e) one or more of the above Amoxicillin and Fosfomycin can both be given to pregnant patients. Fosfomycin is for uncomplicated UTIs and are a single dose. However, pregnancy itself is considered a complicated UTI which indicates use of amoxicillin?

Question 33

What abx would be used for Mycoplasma pneumonia or lyme disease? a) doxycycline b) ciprofloxacin c) erythromycin d) aztreonam

Answer 33

Answer: a)doxycycline

Question 34

What is a possible side effect of macrolide use? a) photosensitivity b) renal injury c) tendon rupture d) muscle breakdown

Answer 34

Answer: d)muscle breakdown when used with statins

Question 35

Which antibiotic can chelate with milk, antacids, iron? a) tetracyclines b) aminoglycosides c) macrolides d) fluoroquinolones e) one or more of the above

Answer 35

Answer: e)one or more of the above a)tetracyclines and d)fluoroquinolones

Question 36

Which of the following are appropriate for a patient with a severe allergy to PCN? a) fluoroquinolones b) cephalosporins c) aminoglycosides d) macrolides

Answer 36

Answer: d) macrolides

Question 37

Which of these are safe for patients to take/consume while taking Linezolid/Tedizolid avoid? a) SSRIs b) MAOIs c) tyramine foods d) chelating agents

Answer 37

Answer: d) chelating agents (milk, iron, antacids) The others should be avoided. MAOIs/tyramine can cause a hypertensive crisis SSRIs=serotonin syndrome

Question 38

Muscle weakness associated with myasthenia gravis has been reported in what medications? a) linezolid b) telithromycin c) fluoroquinolones d) telavancin e) one or more of the above

Answer 38

Answer e)one or more of the above fluoroquinolones and telithromycin can both cause muscle weakness in M.gravis

Question 39

What is the first choice in an uncomplicated UTI? a) fluoroquinolones b) nitrofurantoin c) amoxicillin d) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Answer 39

Answer: d)TMP/SMZ unless pregnant

Question 40

Which antibiotic inhibits folic acid synthesis? a) sulfamethoxazole b) ciprofloxacin c) fluoroquinolone d) dalfopristin

Answer 40

Answer a)sulfamethoxazole sulFOnamides inhibit FOlic acid; other medication in this family is sulfasalazine

Question 41

Which antibiotic is associated with kernicterus and hyperkalemia? a) fluoroquinolones b) nalidixic acid c) telithromycin d) TMP/SMZ

Answer 41

Answer: d) TMP/SMZ Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are associated with both of those side effects. Others include G6PD, blood issues, renal damage, low blood sugar

Question 42

Sulfa antibiotic allergies (do/don't) cross react with sulfonureas. Whereas sulfa antibiotic allergies (do/don't) cross react to non-antibiotic sulfonamides.

Answer 42

Answer: Sulfa antibiotic allergies (do) cross react with sulfonureas. Whereas sulfa antibiotic allergies (don't) cross react to non-antibiotic sulfonamides.