Reflexes

Question 1

Reflexes

Answer 1

Rapid (occur within milliseconds), automatic (doesn’t originally involve the brain) response to a stimulus (change in internal or external environment)

Question 2

Reflexes require

Answer 2

A stimulus, are involuntary, rapid and stereotyped (occur in the same way each time)

Question 3

Spinal reflexes/reflex arc

Answer 3

Carried out by the spinal cord with no brain involvement required

Question 4

Spinal reflexes/reflex arcs consist of

Answer 4

A receptor (neuron or specialised receptor cell at the end of a neuron), A sensory neuron, At least one synapse (most have 3), A motor neuron, An effector (mostly muscles or glands)

Question 5

Receptors

Answer 5

Detect changes in the bodies internal or external environment, Some are simple nerve endings whilst others are receptor cells grouped together to form sense organs such as the eye

Question 6

Thermoreceptor

Answer 6

Found in the skin (dermis), respond to heat and cold

Question 7

Osmoreceptor

Answer 7

Sensitive to osmotic pressure (the concentration of substances dissolved in the water of blood plasma), To do with hydration levels

Question 8

Chemoreceptor

Answer 8

Found in the medulla and the heart, Stimulated by particular chemicals such as oxygen, hydrogen ions or carbon dioxide

Question 9

Touch receptor

Answer 9

Found in the surface of the skin (epidermis), Sensitive to very light touches

Question 10

Pain receptor

Answer 10

Found in the outer layer of skin and mucous membranes as well as in the organs to a lesser extent, Stimulated by damage to tissues such as bumps, cuts, poor blood flow, burns and chemicals, Don’t adapt as they warn us that tissue damage is occurring (pain doesn’t go away)

Question 11

Types of reflexes

Answer 11

Protective/innate and acquired

Question 12

Protective/innate reflex

Answer 12

Present from birth

Question 13

Acquired reflex

Answer 13

Learned complex motor patterns through repetition, bike riding, jamming on brakes, catching a ball