Reflexes and Reaction Flashcards
(25 cards)
rooting
time: birth-3/4mo
procedure: gently stroke cheek on one side moving laterally from cheek, upper lip, lower lip
response: baby will turn head to source of stimulation and will open mouth, latch on
sucking
time: birth-3/4mo
procedure: put finger or nipple into infant’s mouth
response: rhythmical sucking
moro
time: birth-4/5mo
procedure: hold baby with their hands on chest and drop them back 20-30 degrees
response: babies arms and legs will go out and come back in (abduction of UE and extension of elbows/wrists/fingers, then adduction of UE)
palmar grasp
time: birth-3/4mo
procedure: place your index finger into infant’s hand from the pinky side and gently press into palm
response: infant’s fingers will flex around your finger
plantar grasp
time: 3mo-7/8mo
procedure: press finger below infant’s toes
response: plantar flexion of all toes (will curl around your finger)
flexor withdrawal & crossed extension
time: birth-4mo
procedure: bad/somewhat painful stimulus on sole of babies foot
response: withdrawal of stimulated leg
response of crossed extension: contralateral leg will extend
spontaneous stepping/standing
time: birth-1/2mo
procedure: support child upright, feet touching surface, incline child forward
response: alternating/rhythmic/coordinated stepping movements like riding a bike
asymmetrical tonic neck (ATNR)
time: 1/2mo-3/4mo (strongest at 2mo)
procedure: child in supine, turn the head slowly to one side and hold this position
response: arm and leg on jaw side extend; arm and leg on skull side flex
developmental significance of ATNR
- Response is NEVER OBLIGATORY in a normal infant
- Persistence beyond 6 months is indication of CNS dysfunction
an obligatory ATNR can result in: Inability to engage hands in midline; scoliosis; subluxation or dislocation of hip on skull side; inability to grasp and regard object at the same time; inability to separate movements of the head from movements of the arms and trunk. If not integrated, will prevent rolling to prone.
symmetrical tonic reflex (STNR)
time: 5mo-6mo
procedure: passively flex and then extend child’s head
response: flexion of head (chin tuck) produces flexion of UE and extension of LE. extension of the head produces extension of UE and flexion of LE
developmental significance of STNR
- May be used by infant to get into 4-point position
- Integration coincides with creeping of 4-point position
- Persistence prevents the child from moving trunk and extremities in rotational patterns when head is moved in a sagittal plane
tonic labyrinthine reflex
time: Present in preterm infants—born less than 37-week gestation Full term infants may or may not have it
procedure: supine - push into seated position with therapists’ hand on back of child’s head.
Evaluate presence of extensor tone by amount of pressure of infant’s head and trunk pushing back
Prone - lift head to 90*.
Evaluate presence of flexor tone by amount of pressure of infant’s head pushing down
response: supine - everything extends (stiff board)
prone - everything flexes
developmental significance of tonic labyrinthine reflex
- Child will not be able to lift head to clear airway in prone
- Child will not be able to bring hands to mouth in supine
- If dominates, motor development will be delayed
landau (superman)
time: 4mo-7mo
procedure: lift child on belly in the air
response: head, back, and hips extend
neonatal neck righting
time: birth-4mo (replaced by body righting reactions)
procedure: supine, turn child’s head to one side (test both directions)
response: trunk may initially swing in opposite direction then will follow the direction of the head turn
body right on body (BROB)
time: 4mo-6mo
procedure: flex one leg and rotate it across pelvis to opposite side
response: child will turn to prone segmentally (first trunk, then pelvis, then head)
body righting on head (BROH)
head leads roll, not body part
protective extension (parachute) - forward
time: emerges at 5mo, present at 6mo and remains
procedure: support child standing and plunge child forward
response: Child will extend head, extend and abduct arms and fingers as to break a fall; weight is taken on extended arms
protective extension (parachute) - sideways
time: emerges at 7mo, present at 8mo and remains
procedure: child sitting with legs out front, examiner pushes child on one side or the other with enough force to displace center of gravity over base of support and causes child to lose balance
response: Child will abduct arm on side of opposite force with extension of elbow, wrist, and finger
Weight is taken on open palm and fingers
protective extension (parachute) - backward
time: 9 months, present at 10 months and remains
procedure: sitting w legs out front, push child backward with enough force to displace center of gravity off base of support
response: Child extends arms backward
Full reaction is backward extension of both arms
Frequently an element of trunk rotation comes in and reaction is seen in 1 arm only
equilibrium reaction - supine
time: 7mo
procedure: Placing child supine on tilt board, center of rotation of board longitudinally
Slowly tilt board laterally left and right
response: Trunk will curve upward against the tilt
Head will rotate and face upper side
Slight abduction of upper arm and leg
equilibrium reaction - prone
time: 6mo
procedure: Child is prone on tilt board
Tilt board left and right
response: Child will curve upward against displacement of center of gravity, the upper arm and leg may abduct in an attempt to bring center of gravity back over base of support
equilibrium reaction - sitting
time: 8mo
procedure: Child is sitting on tilt board
Tilt board left and right, anterior and posterior
response:
Lateral tilt - Neck will flex laterally, Head slightly rotated with face toward the upper side, Arm and leg on upper side abducted, Arm and leg on lower side adducted
Anterior tilt - Spine extends, Limbs retract
Posterior tilt - Spine flexed, Arms are flexed at shoulders, Elbows extended, Flexion of trunk is the most important
equilibrium reaction - quadruped
time: 9mo
procedure: Child quadruped on tilt board
Tilt board left, right, anterior and posterior
response:
Lateral tilt - Body flexed against tilt with spine upward, Head rotated so face is toward upper side
Anterior tilt - Arms extended and legs flex, Head extended and trunk moves back
Posterior tilt - Shoulders and hips extend, Elbows and head tend to flex, and trunk moves forward, Curving of trunk is most important element
