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Reflexes + postural reactions Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is a reflex

A

Automatic movement without conscious volition, usually initiated by sensory stimulation

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2
Q

Protective reflexes

A

Reflex with a purpose of protecting us from noxious stimuli (DTR, withdrawal, cross extension)

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3
Q

Components of a protective reflex

A

Stimulus
Predictable response
Limited modulation of response
Lifelong

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4
Q

Neonatal reflexes

A

Building blocks of movement
Provide 1st change in distribution of muscle tone
Adaptive utility
Can be used to determine gestational age in premature infants
Become less apparent over time

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5
Q

How can neonatal reflexes be used to determine gestational age in premature infants

A

Premies can have missing reflexes

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6
Q

How can neonatal reflexes be used to evaluate CNS health?

A

By knowing expected time frames of when they start to when they stop

Can evaluate if reflexes don’t go away when expected or come back

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7
Q

Similarities between protective reflexes and neonatal reflexes

A

Both have stimulus + response
Both have a protective/useful function

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8
Q

Differences between protective and neonatal reflexes

A

Neonatal reflexes become less pronounced over time
Neonatal reflexes get replaced by something more volitional + sophisticated

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9
Q

What are examples of neonatal reflexes

A

Rooting
Sucking
Stepping
Grasp
Startle (Morrow)
Galant

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10
Q

Attitudinal reflexes

A

Influence tone; opportunities for movement

Not protective in nature

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11
Q

Examples of attitudinal reflexes

A

ATNR (asymmetric tonic neck reflex(
STNR (symmetric tonic neck reflex)

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12
Q

Clinical relevance of neonatal reflexes

A

Failure of neonatal reflexes to appear at the appropriate age, or to assist beyond a certain age implies abnormal functioning of the nervous system

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13
Q

Stereotypical + obligatory neonatal reflexes

A

Abnormal at every age
Lack of variability in response to repeated stimulus (across multiple reflexes typically)

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14
Q

When are neonatal skills at their strongest?

A

At term (40 weeks)

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15
Q

How does strength of neonatal reflex change over time

A

Bell curve: weaker before 40 weeks, and weaker after 40 weeks

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16
Q

Relationship between strength of neonatal reflexes and postural reactions + volitional movement

A

Inverse
As the baby ages, neonatal reflexes decrease as postural reactions and volitional movements increase

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17
Q

Postural reactions

A

Motor skills that develop over first years of life and form basis for attainment of functional motor skills

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18
Q

Postural reactions vs reflexes

A

Postural reactions are learned, developed and last for a lifetime

Reflexes are born with and lost

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19
Q

Roll of postural reactions

A

Maintaining the body in an upright position in response to the position of the body

Last a lifetime to support movement + balance

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20
Q

What type of stimuli do postural reactions respond to in comparison to neonatal reflexes?

A

More global stimuli

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21
Q

Neonatal righting reactions

A

Neonatal neck righting
Body righting

Head/body follow each other while rolling

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22
Q

When do key head righting reactions happen?

A

Prone: 2-3 months
Side lying/lateral: 4 months
Supine: 5-6 months

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23
Q

Main goal of head righting reaction

A

Keep face vertical and mouth horizontal

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24
Q

3 options to keep yourself upright

Study These Flashcards
A

Moving the base: move body weight (step or hop) to keep upright
Keeping center of gravity over base: (weight shifting, moving arms/legs with torsional twisting)
Widening BOS + lowering center of gravity (parachute reflex + widen stance)

25
Equilibrium reactions
Keep you upright by incorporating rotation along the body axis with abduction of extremities
26
When do equilibrium reactions occur? Why does this make sense?
Prone/supine: 5-6 mo Sitting: 8 mo Quad: 10 mo Kneeling: 15 mo Standing: 15-18 mo Skills at these ages in these positions require rotation
27
When do stepping reactions occur
15-18 months
28
Protective extension reflexes
Forward parachute reflex Lateral Backward parachute reflex
29
When do protective extension reflexes occur
Forward: 5-6 mo (prop sit; sagittal plane) Lateral: 7-8 mo (frontal plane) Backward: 9-10 mo (requires transverse plane to evaluate behind you)
30
Cycle of improving balance
Lose balance Balance improves Movement + postural control increase
31
Documentation of reflexes/reactions
+ present - absent
32
"integrating" neonatal reflexes
Influence is reduced
33
34
Emerging postural reactions
developing
35
What factors can affect if a reflex/reaction is present or absent
fatigue physical/CNS stress size/speed of displacement positions
36
Spontaneous stepping reflex
Child will take steps/weight bear through the legs while supported When inclined forward, child makes alternating, rhythmical, and coordinated stepping movements
37
Timeline for spontaneous stepping reflex
birth to 1-2 months
38
Rooting reflex
Stroking corner of the mouth toward the cheek, upper lip, and lower lip corner of mouth results in a directed head turning toward stimulated side Upper lip results in mouth to open and head to tilt back Lower lip causes mouth to open and head to tilt foward Infant tries to suck fingerTi
39
Timeline of rooting reflex
Birth to 3-4 months
40
Sucking reflex
Place finger/nipple in infant's mouth while on their back Results in rhythmical sucking movements
41
Timeline for sucking reflex
Birth to 3-4 months
42
Palmar grasp reflex
Place index finger into hand of infant while on back from pinky finger side and gently press palmar surface Infant's fingers flex around index finger
43
Timeline for grasp reflex
Birth to 3-4 months
44
Galant reflex (Trunk incurvation)
Stroking back on one side of the spine results in lateral flexion toward stimulated side
45
Timeline for Galant reflex
Birth to 11-12 months
46
ATNR
Child on back; turn head to one side and hold this pos Arm + leg on face side extend Arm + leg on skull side flex
47
Timeline for ATNR
1-2 months to 3-4 months
48
STNR
Child laying face down being supported. Bend child's head forward + backward Forward: flexion of UE, extension of LE Backward: extension of UE, flexion of LE
49
Timeline of STNR
5-6 months
50
What position is STNR helpful for and why does it make sense that it goes away at 6 months?
Quadruped: if it lasted longer, infant would not be able to look around/move in quadruped without collapsing
51
Startle/Morrow reflex
Alerts caregiver that they need more support Goes away around 4 mo
52
Parachute protective extension reflex: Forward
Holding infant in upright position, plunge child downward towards flat surface Child should extend their head, arms, and fingers outward to protect from falling. Weight into arms
53
Timeline for forward parachute
5-6 months emerges and remains with child
54
Sideways parachute reflex
Child sits with legs out, push child on shoulder to cause loss of balance Child reaches out with arm on opp side of push force with extension of elbow, wrist, and fingers to catch from falling. Weight accepted through arm
55
Timeline for sideways parachute reflex
Emerges at 7-8 months and remains
56
Backward parachute reflex
Child sitting with legs out front, push child backwards to cause loss of balance Results in extension of arms backwards to protect from falling. Weight accepted
57
Timeline for backward parachute reflex
Emerges at 9-10 months and remains with child
58
Two systems that contribute to righting
Optical righting: visual input Labryinthine righting: vestibular input ** can also use proprioceptive + tactile input

Peds (11 decks)

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