Reform and development of apartheid under Verwoerd and Vorster

Question 1

When was the Bantu Self - government Act?

Answer 1

1959

Question 2

What did the 1959 Bantu self-government act entail?

Answer 2

Gov planned to grant them all independence so no longer under obligation to help

had to assemble ‘national’ political institutions do dispel appearance of political repression

Cut financial costs

In late 70’s. number of residents in a 4 room home was 14

Question 3

Who became PM in 1958?

Answer 3

Verwoerd

Question 4

What did Verwoerd prom use when he became PM?

Answer 4

Promised that South Africa would be an all white country by 1978

Question 5

When was the Extension of University Education Act?

Answer 5

1959

Question 6

what did the 1959 Extension of University Education Act entail?

Answer 6

non-whites banned from attending white uni’s
only allowed to attend separate colleges
education limited even further

Question 7

When was the Ninety Day Act?

Answer 7

1963 (also know as General Law Amendment Act)

Question 8

What did the Ninety Day Act entail?

Answer 8

Meant that people could be arrested and detained for 90 days without trial

When used people were often immediately recaptured after release

People falsely imprisoned

Question 9

When was Verwoerd assassinated?

Answer 9

1966

Question 10

When was Vorster president?

Answer 10

1966-78

Question 11

What was idealist apartheid?

Answer 11

blacks completely separate from whites
live in separate areas of the country
not allowed jobs

Question 12

What was practical apartheid?

Answer 12

blacks separated as far as possible from whites
black labour needed
didn’t pay high wages

Question 13

when was the Tomlinson Report?

Answer 13

1955

Question 14

what did the 1955 Tomlinson report result in?

Answer 14

Black reserves (13% of country) should be increased in size and become homelands

Gov spending approx £100 million to improve farming and industry in homelands

Question 15

how many people registered as living in Transeki homeland lived outside of it?

Answer 15

18%

Question 16

what % of people living in Qwa Qwa homeland lived outside of it?

Answer 16

78%

Question 17

state 3 ways the Bantustans affected rulers?

Answer 17

Verwoerd under pressure from white industrialists so didn’t allow industry to develop in them

rulers of Bantustans drew big salaries - 1970 income in Transeki was 169 rand but council members gained 17,000 a year

tried to create a black middle class and depend on them for high wages and standard of living

Question 18

State 6 ways the Bantustans affect the public?

Answer 18

Forced to leave homes

Some homelands tiny so overcrowded

suffered poverty, disease and malnutrition

1,129,000 black people removed from white farms

1,616,000 removed from white urban areas

Placed on land that seemed infertile

Question 19

By 1970 what % of black people lived in Bantustans

Answer 19

54%

Question 20

Between 1960-1983 how many people were relocated under the Group Areas Act?

Answer 20

3.5 million

Question 21

By 1960 what % of the black population was in homelands?

Answer 21

39%

Question 22

How big was the Qwa Qwa homeland and how many people were in it?

Answer 22

25,000 people in 25 square miles

Question 23

What did events at Sharpeville result in?

Answer 23

Lost lots of foreign investor confidence but didn’t really affect local economy as local capital filled in missing gaps

Question 24

Why did the Bantustans have quite a large cost?

Answer 24

transporting workers every day

Question 25

what was the GNP of SA?

Answer 25

Over 5% per anumn

Question 26

what happened to Transeki in 1963?

Answer 26

became first Bantustan to have its own parliament elected by blacks

Question 27

When did Transeki gain independence?

Answer 27

1976

Question 28

What was imposed on all South Africans in 1970?

Answer 28

homeland citizenship

Question 29

What were given out in bantustans in an attempt to create local capitalists?

Answer 29

loans and grants

Question 30

what were the 3 options for black migrant workers?

Answer 30

Live in a hostel - only see family for a few weeks a year

Commute daily - e.g workers in Kwandebele spent up to 8 hours s dat travelling to Pretoria and back. Some busses left as early as 2:30 am

squatter camps had been set up in areas but government often trampled these

Question 31

When was the Bantu Labour Act?

Answer 31

1964

Question 32

What did the Bantu Labour Act do?

Answer 32

Prohibited blacks from seeking work in towns

could only gain work through state labour bureaux

limited amount of work

Question 33

What did many black workers begin to find?

Answer 33

that they weren’t needed due to replacement by machinery

Question 34

What happened to urban construction for black families?

Answer 34

Stopped - in Pretoria not 1 house was built for a black family between 1967-76

Question 35

What were Africans banned from doing in 1968?

Answer 35

Owning property in towns

Question 36

How did urban employers react to influx control?

Answer 36

some opposed total influx control which raised the question that apartheid didn’t aid capitalist interest

Question 37

How did repression of citizens benefit SA’s economy?

Answer 37

As workers were paid so low, firms earned very large profits. many foreign investors returned to the country wanting the profits that the repression earned