Reformation Flashcards
Religion in 15th Century
Clergy everywhere 6-8%
Church regulates life holidays, dietary restrictions
Monasteries, nunneries, shrines
Indulgences
Celibate clergy(but if violated could pay fine)
Clergy not taxed, criminal law
Relics
HEME
Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, Elizabeth I
Religion in 16th century
Clergy down 2/3 1/3 less churches Holidays down 1/3 Monasteries etc mostly gone Clergy can marry, are taxed, tried
Reformation Education
Humanism-infused
Study primary sources, classics, Bible(alone, not guided)
Philip Melanchthon: humanism +education
Reformation Women
Anti-woman views challenged.
Luther and Calvin emphasize the inportance of women in ministry
Laws protect women. Can divorce for adultery, etc.
Education for women
Reformation Family
Wait to get married More premarital sex Families have 6-8 kids, 2-4 survive Unofficial birth control(pull out, sponge, wet nursing) thomas aquinus opposes
Literature
Miguel Cervantes: Don Quixote. Reject idealism. Preach realism.
Shakespeare: plays. Human emotions, bawdy.
Catholicism
No divorce Indulgences Pope is head. 7 sacraments Good works save
Lutheranism
Germany. 1517. Faith alone saves (sola fide) Eucharist is actually jesus Scripture is authority. 2 sacraments
Zwingli
Ulrich Zwingli
Clergy can marry.
Eucharist is symbolic
Scripture is authority
Spiritualists
Thomas Müntzer, Sebastian Franck germany, switzerland
Holy spirit speaks to us, is authority
Anti-trinitarianism
Michael Servetus. Spain/switzerland
Common sense, rational thinking, ethics.
No original sin or predestination.
Promote tolerance
Calvinism
John Calvin Switzerland
Predestination.
Societal change by submission to god’s plan
God is head of church
Anabaptists
Conrad Grebel Switzeland, Münster Adult baptism Pacifism. No oaths. Polygamy Schleitheim Confession: beliefs Form own communities, take scripture literally
Anglican
Same as catholic, but henry viii and archbishop of canterbury is head of church and divorce is allowed.
Simony
Selling church positions
Indulgences
Paying to lessen time in purgatory
95 theses
Luther’s arguments against indulgences. On door of castle church, wittenburg. 1517. Excommunicatd 1521. Translates NT to german while in hiding
Spread of Lutheranism
Charles V distracted. Lets protestantism spread(Printing press), regional princes don’t care. Schmaldkaldic League forms to fight Catholic church.
Johann tetzel
Sells indulgences
Diet of Worms
Luther called, told to recant. Refuses and is excommunicated.
Diet of Augsburg
Charles V tells all lutherans to recant 1530’s
Peace of Augsburg
After crushing Schmaldkaldic League, Charles V lets kings decide what religion their state is(cuius regio, eius religio). People can move if they dont like it. Doesnt help anabaptists, calvinists
England
Henry VIII wants divorce, but got dispensation(permission to marry). Makes own branch of church. Son edward pushes protestantism. Mary maks catholic, Elizabeth makes protestant.
