Reformation and Modern Church History

Question 1

The Wittenberg Concord (1536) brought Lutherans and Reformed into agreement on what?

Answer 1

The Lord’s Supper

Question 2

Date: Council of Constance ends Great Western Schism. It burns the Czech reformer, John Hus (ca. 1372-1415) at the stake, despite the fact that he had been granted an imperial safe-conduct. It also condemns John Wycliffe (ca. 1328-1384) posthumously and orders that his bones be exhumed and burned.

Answer 2

1414-1418

Question 3

Date: that Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536) publishes a new Greek-Latin Parallel New Testament, paving the way for a new era of biblical study…and for the Protestant Reformation

Answer 3

1516

Question 4

Date: that Martin Luther (1483–1546) posts the 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg, Saxony, protesting the traffic in indulgences, and thereby unwittingly launching the Protestant Reformation.

Answer 4

1517

Question 5

In what year was the formation of the Schmalkaldic League?

Answer 5

1531

Question 6

Dates: Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) leads the reformation of Zurich, Switzerland.

Answer 6

1519-1524

Question 7

What years were the Schmalkaldic War?

Answer 7

1546-47

Question 8

In what year was the Council of Tent convoked?

Answer 8

1545

Question 9

Dates: A group of Swiss Anabaptists, under the leadership of Michael Sattler (ca. 1495–1527), meets at
Schleitheim and issues a Confession, the first public statement of Anabaptist principles.

Answer 9

1524–25

Question 10

Who was the Schmalkaldic war between?

Answer 10

Charles V and a league of Catholic principalities vs. the Protestant League.

Question 11

Dates of Late Middle Ages

Answer 11

1309-1517

Question 12

Date: John Calvin (1509-1564) publishes the first edition of his Institutes of the Christian Religion. The work went through many editions, some in Latin, some in French, over the years, until the defini- tive Latin edition of 1559.

Answer 12

1536

Question 13

Dates of “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,” during which the popes reside in the French city of Avignon, where they are controlled by the King of France.

Answer 13

1309-1377

Question 14

Date: Thomas Cranmer (1489–1556), Archbishop of Canterbury, publishes the first edition of The Book of Common Prayer, a landmark in the English Reformation. Cranmer published a second edition in 1552, which pushed the English Church in a more Reformed direction. A third edition was pub- lished in 1559 as part of the Elizabethan via media.

Answer 14

1549

Question 15

Date: The Great Western Schism, during which there are two or rival claimants to the papal throne.

Answer 15

1378-1417

Question 16

Dates: Teresa of Avila (1515–1582) founds the Convent of St. Joseph in Avila, Spain, thus initiating the reform of the Carmelite Order. Members of Teresa’s reformed branch of the Order are called Dis- calced (“Barefoot”) Carmelites, in contrast to the Calced or unreformed branch.

Answer 16

1562

Question 17

Dates: France undergoes a series of civil wars between Catholic and Protestant (“Huguenot”) forces, culminating in the Edict of Nantes (1598), which grants religious toleration to the Protestants.

Answer 17

1562–98

Question 18

Date: Constantinople, the last bastion of the Byzantine Empire, falls to the Ottoman Turks. Western Eu- rope pressured by Turkish (Islamic) expansionism from the southeast.

Answer 18

1453

Question 19

Dates: The followers of James Arminius (1560–1609), led by Simon Episcopius and Jan Uytenbogaert issue the Remonstrance to their fellow Dutch Reformed Christians, protesting the doctrine of dou- ble predestination.

Answer 19

1610

Question 20

Date: Gutenberg produces the first book—the Holy Bible—printed on movable type.

Answer 20

1456

Question 21

Dates: The Thirty Years War between Protestants and Catholics. The War is fought mostly within the borders of the Holy Roman Empire, though forces from Lutheran Sweden and Catholic France were heavily involved. The War ends with the signing of the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which, according to the cuius region, eius religio principle (now extended to Calvinists) restored the reli- gious situation of 1624, except for the “secularization” of some church property.

Answer 21

1618–48

Question 22

Dates: The English Interregnum, during which the country is governed by the Puritan-controlled Parlia- ment. At the government’s behest, the Westminster Assembly of Divines (1643–49) meets to re- form English church life. The Assembly consists primarily of Presbyterian and Independent cler- gy, though some Episcopalians and Erastians are represented. It produces a Confession, two Cate- chisms, and a Directory of Worship—all landmark statements of Reformed doctrine.

Answer 22

1642–60

Question 23

Date: of Age of Reformation

Answer 23

1517-1648

Question 24

Date: The Imperial Diet at Worms, convened by the recently elected Emperor, Charles V, formally con- demns Luther.

Answer 24

1521

Question 25

Date: A number of Zwingli’s early supporters break with him over the question of infant baptism. These men, known as the Zurich Radicals or Anabaptists (re-baptizers), first practice “believers’ bap- tisms” in January 1525. Persecutions follow immediately in Catholic and Protestant cantons.

Answer 25

1524

Question 26

Dates: Peasants War in Germany, culminating in the Battle of Frankenhausen on May 15,

Answer 26

1524-1525

Question 27

Date: The Marburg Colloquy, at which Luther and Zwingli meet at the behest of Prince Phillip of Hesse, to establish a coalition of the two main branches of the Reformation. They discuss fifteen doctrinal articles, and come to an agreement on all but one, the doctrine of the Lord’s Supper.

Answer 27

1529

Question 28

Date: King Henry VIII of England, having failed to secure papal approval for his divorce from Katherine of Aragon, formally severs the ties between the Church of England and Rome. Despite Henry’s own religious conservatism and Catholic sentiments, this inaugurates the English Reformation.

Answer 28

1534

Question 29

Dates: The Roman Catholic Council of Trent, convened by Pope Paul III, addresses what it takes to be the many doctrinal threats posed by Protestantism and makes many needed reforms in the moral life and administrative system of the Roman church.

Answer 29

1545–1563

Question 30

Date: The Peace of Augsburg ends the conflict between the Catholic States of the Empire, led by Charles V, and the Lutheran League of Schmalkalden. The Peace is based on the principle, cuius regio, euis religio (“whoever rules the region determines the religion”), which applied only to Lu- theran and Catholic, but not to Calvinist, princes.

Answer 30

1555

Question 31

Dates: King James I of England publishes the Authorized Version of the Bible, a landmark in the history of the English translation of the Scriptures and in the development of English Protestantism.

Answer 31

1611

Question 32

Dates: The Synod of Dordrecht (a.k.a. Dort), an international assembly of Reformed divines, condemns the Arminian Remonstrance and issues canons which set forth the “Five Points” of Calvinism.

Answer 32

1618–19

Question 33

Westminster Assembly of Divines

Answer 33

(1643–49)

Question 34

the Peace of Westphalia

Answer 34

(1648)

Question 35

James Arminius

Answer 35

(1560–1609)

Question 36

Edict of Nantes

Answer 36

(1598)

Question 37

Teresa of Avila

Answer 37

(1515–1582)

Question 38

Thomas Cranmer

Answer 38

(1489–1556)

Question 39

The Wittenberg Concord

Answer 39

(1536)

Question 40

John Hus

Answer 40

(ca. 1372-1415)

Question 41

John Wycliffe

Answer 41

(ca. 1328-1384)

Question 42

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 42

(1466–1536)

Question 43

Martin Luther

Answer 43

(1483–1546)

Question 44

Ulrich Zwingli

Answer 44

(1484–1531)

Question 45

Michael Sattler

Answer 45

(ca. 1495–1527)

Question 46

John Calvin

Answer 46

(1509-1564)

Question 47

Cranmer published a second edition in _____, which pushed the English Church in a more Reformed direction. A third edition was pub- lished in _____ as part of the Elizabethan via media.

Answer 47

1552,1559