Reformation and Religious Warfare in the Sixteenth Century (Ch. 3, 9/22)

Question 1

Christian Humanism

Answer 1

major goal was to reform Christianity, focused mostly on early sources of religion, simplified distortion created by middle ages

Question 2

Erasmus

Answer 2

supported accessibility of Bible and religious texts, belief in power of education, de-emphasized external forms of religion, edited greek text of new testament, satirical work, “erasumus laid the egg that luther hatched”

Question 3

Thomas More

Answer 3

trained in law and lord chancellor of england, friend of erasmus, Utopia, intolerance of heresy

Question 4

Martin Luther

Answer 4

law and then thunderstorm thing, good monk but still doubtful, professor of theology as attempted solution, distressed by indulgences and believed that redemption can be found through faith and personal relationship with Christ and God, excommunicated in 1521

Question 5

Indulgences

Answer 5

Purchases made to Catholic Church in order to reduce time in purgatory

Question 6

Johann Tetzel

Answer 6

Leipizig Debate, july 1519, forced Martin Luther to deny authority of popes and councils, luther faced consequences of his theology and compared to heretic

Question 7

95 Theses

Question 8

Leo X

Question 9

Diet & Edict of Worms

Answer 9

Made Martin Luther a outlaw within empire, refused to recant, supposed to be captured and brought to emperor but was sent into hiding at Wartburg Castle by Frederick the Wise

Question 10

domestic and foreign challenges & policies under Charles V

Answer 10

wanted to maintain dynasties control and catholic faith over empire but it was too big, the french, the papacy, the turks, and germanys internal situation were biggest challenges

Question 11

Peasant Revolts

Answer 11

started from local lords abusing peasants, demands for taxes, just overall social discontent, peasants looked up to Luther, German princes ruthlessly suppressed peasants, making Luther more dependent on state authorities

Question 12

Habsburg-Valois Wars

Answer 12

stemmed from Francis I vs. Charles V, conflicts over territory, fought on and off for twenty four years

Question 13

Schmalkaldic Wars

Question 14

Peace of Augsburg,

Question 15

“Cuius regio, cuius religio”

Question 16

Anabaptists

Question 17

Henry VIII

Answer 17

Seperated church and state after Pope Gregory refused to allow him to divorce

Question 18

Anne Boleyn

Question 19

Thomas Cranmer

Question 20

Act of Supremacy

Question 21

Treason Act

Question 22

Anglican Church

Question 23

Edward VI

Answer 23

Son of Henry VIII, led Edwardian Revolution

Question 24

Book of Common Prayer

Question 25

Bloody Mary

Question 26

John Calvin

Question 27

Predestination

Answer 27

The theory that its already predetermined by God whether or not you go to heaven or hell

Question 28

Geneva Theocracy

Question 29

Social effects of Protestant Reformation

Answer 29

Educational interest due to

Question 30

Catholic Counter-Reformation

Question 31

Teresa of Avila,

Question 32

“ecstatic union of souls”

Question 33

Ignatius of Loyola

Question 34

Jesuits

Answer 34

Highest

Question 35

Council of Trent

Question 36

reforms

Question 37

French Wars of Religion

Question 38

Huguenots

Question 39

Catherine de’ Medici

Question 40

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Question 41

War of the Three Henrys

Question 42

Politiques

Question 43

Henry of Navarre/Henry IV

Question 44

Edict of Nantes

Question 45

Philip II, “Most Catholic King”

Question 46

Dutch Revolt

Question 47

Council of Troubles/Blood,

Question 48

Sea Beggars

Question 49

Elizabeth I

Question 50

Elizabethan Settlement

Question 51

Act of Supremacy

Answer 51

Created by Henry VIII, declaring separation of church and state

Question 52

Act of Uniformity

Question 53

Book of Common Prayer

Question 54

Puritans

Question 55

The Golden Speech

Question 56

Elizabeth’s Foreign policy

Question 57

Dutch aid

Question 58

Spanish Armada

Question 59

How did martin luthers criticisms directly threaten church’s power?

Answer 59

proved indulgences useless, which were a main source of profit for catholic church

Question 60

Martin luthers criticisms of church vs. prior criticisms

Question 61

Leipizig Debate

Answer 61

july 1519, Johann Eck forced Martin Luther to deny authority of popes and councils, compelled to face consequences of his theology and compared to heretic