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Reformation History Figures Flashcards

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1
Q

Five pre-Reformation “Reformers”

A

Wycliffe
Jan Hus (the Goose!)
Erasmus
Jacques Lefevre
Savonarolla

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2
Q

German Reformers

A

Luther
Melanchthon

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3
Q

History of pre-Reform since 1200 (or: Luther’s spiritual context)

A

1200
Intellectualism takes root
rediscovery of philosophical root

1300
decline of papacy
Babylonian captivity
Tri-pope debacle resolved in 1417

1400
Papacy reconsolidated in Rome
Savonarolla rebukes church for idolatry

1500
Fractures in RCC
Erasmus, Lefevre, Farell, Luther

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4
Q

Martin Luther (dates)

A

1483-1546
Late 15th-Mid16th C.

The swan that arose out of the goose’s ashes (reference to Hus’s burning)

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5
Q

Distinguish Erasmus from Luther

A

Luther was a Reformer, which says a lot about his personality. Erasmus was more of a scholar than anything. Luther studied to make change, Erasmus studied to gain knowledge.

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6
Q

Brethren of Common Life (key figures)

A

Gerhard Groote (the Great)

Thomas of Kampen

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7
Q

Staupitz’s influence on Luther

A

Forgiveness comes not from contrition, nor from church authority. Forgiveness is rooted in predestination. This is clearly distinct from RCC theology

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8
Q

Luther’s Theses - date and purpose

A

Oct 31, 1517

To dispute the SALE of indulgences.

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9
Q

Heidelberg Disputation

A

April 1518

30 theses. Luther’s students defend Luther’s views. Martin Bucer convinced.

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10
Q

Diet of Augsburg

A

Oct 1518

Luther asserts supremacy of Scripture’s authority

Cajetan asserts supremacy of the pope’s authority

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11
Q

Leipzig Disputation

A

July 1519

John of Eck calls Luther a “Husite” (implicit threat of death by burning)

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12
Q

Luther’s Early Writings

A

“On Papacy of Rome” 1520

“Address to German Nobility” 1520

“Babylonian Captivity” 1520

“Freedom of Christian Man” 1520

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13
Q

Philip Melanchthon (dates and remarks)

A

1497-1560
Late 15th-mid16th C

Synthesized Luther’s teaching

Moderate Lutheran, crypto-Calvinist

“Praeceptor Germanae” - a German textbook writer

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14
Q

Major Universities

A

Oxford
Cambridge
LEiden
Heidelberg
Geneva

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15
Q

Swiss Reformation Cities

A

Zurich
Geneva
Lausanne
Basel
Schaffhausen

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16
Q

Zurich (language, date of reformation, university)

A

German.
Reformed 1523.
Prophezei 1525.
Pastors: Zwingli, Bullinger

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17
Q

Basel (language, date of reformation, university)

A

German.
Reformed 1529
University from 1460
Pastors: Erasmus, Oecolampadius

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18
Q

Erasmus (dates)

A

1466-1536
Mid 15th - Early 16th C

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19
Q

Oecolampadius (dates)

A

1482-1531
Late 15th-Early 16th

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20
Q

Geneva (language, date of reformation, university)

A

French
Reformed 1535
University from 1559
Pastors: Farel, Calvin

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21
Q

Lausanne (language, date of reformation, university)

A

French
Reformed 1536
University from 1536
Pastors: Viret, Beza

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22
Q

Calvin’s dates

A

1509-1564

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23
Q

Pierre Viret’s dates

A

1511-1571

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24
Q

Theodore Beza’s dates

A

1519-1609

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25
Zwingli's Dates
1484-1531
26
Heinrich Bullinger's dates
1504-1575
27
Zwingli begins expository preaching
1512
28
Zwingli appointed to Grossmunster in Zurich
1518
29
Sausage affair
1522
30
Zwingli's Public Disputation
1523-1524 Recognized as peer of the bishop of Constance
31
Prophezei begins
1525
32
Bullinger begins teaching in 15__ in Cappel, converts in 15__
1521 1523
33
Antisthes
from Greek αντιστημι. A head pastor connected with city council. Examples: Zwingli and Bullinger in Zurich. Oecolampadius in Basel
34
Zurich 1522 - Council commissions a theological debate
Topic: fasting. The city council was urged to deal with an ecclesiastical issue (magisterial). Zwingli asked to match Bishop of Constance. Arbiter of truth: Scripture alone.
35
Scripture Mandates
A common phenomenon among Swiss cantons. Commitment to preach from Scripture alone. The councils policed this.
36
Second Helvetic Convention
1562. Written by Bullinger.
37
Geneva's Councils
Small Council (25 men, 4 Syndics). Civic Administration Council of 60 Preservation of Swiss Tradition Great Council Elected. Council of 200. Long term decisions.
38
Guillame Farel's dates and comments
1489-1565 Influenced by Jacques Lefevre
39
Farel: 1521-1523
1521-1523 moved to Bishopric of Maux, led by Briconnet. Briconnet desired reform of morals, thus allowed Farel to preach.
40
Farel 1524
Moved to Basel. Employed public disputation to progress Reformation Wrote a French paraphrase of Lord's prayer and apostles' creed
41
Farel 1526-1528
Works along with Jacques Lefevre to teach French people the truth 1526 Sent by Bern to Aigle under pseudonym "Ursinus." Produced first French liturgical forms with the first French speaking Reformed church
42
Farel 1529
Kicked out of Geneva for the first time
43
Farel 1530
Works in Neuchatel, a city that supported Reform Printing of first French confession: "Summaire"
44
Farel 1532
Visits Waldensians Aided by Olivetan, publishes first French translation of Bible from Hebrew and Greek Debate with Caroli
45
Geneva 1535
Abolish Mass Continuation of daily preaching
46
Geneva 1536
adopts "Scripture Mandates" common among Swiss reforming cantons.
47
French Reformation History Dates
1557-1787 1557-1571: Formation and Establishment 1562-1598: French Religious Wars 1598-1685: Edict of Nantes 1685-1787: Protestantism outlawed; "Churches of the Desert"
48
French Reformed Churches federate
1559 maintained unity via 29 synods in 100 years "Hugeuenots"
49
French Churches in 1560s (stats)
2150 churches, 816 instituted. 2 million believers (10% of population)
50
French Reformed Churches 1566
Antoine de Changeux responds against congregationalism
51
French wars of religion
1562-1598
52
Fourth war of religion in France
1572-1573 RCC attempts to eliminate Huguenot leaders, 10 000 - 30 000 protestants killed. Chases refugees to Antwerp, London, Emden etc.
53
Eighth war of religion in France
1585-1598 Pastors visit rulers to secure alliances and forces Chandieau imprisoned 1585-1588 Henry IV turns catholic to gain Paris "Paris is worth the mass"
54
Three kinds of Radical Reformers
Anabaptist Socinians Spiritualists
55
Tenets of Radical Reformers
1) Separate church and state 2) Denounce War 3) Denounce Coercion 4) Believer's Baptism 5) Spiritual Gifts 6) Experienced Regeneration 7) Communion of Goods 8) Church considered ideally (no hypocrites!) 9) Denial of Christ obtaining human nature from Mary.
56
Origins of Radical Reformers
Zurich 1525 - Anabaptists expelled German Peasants arrive in Zurich 1527 1527 - "Schleitheim Articles" Zurich first protestant city to kill a heretic (Felix Manz, by 'third baptism' i.e. drowning)
57
Schleitheim Articles
1) Credo-Baptism 2) The Ban 3) Breaking Bread only for baptized 4) Separation from Abomination 5) Pastors in the Church 6) The Sword limited to the ban for Christians 7) Oaths Forbidden
58
Radical Reformers: Anabaptist characteristics
Pacifist Scripture is only authority
59
Radical Reformers: Socinians
Reject Trinity + Two Natures of Christ Reason is the authority
60
Radical Reformers: Spiritualists
Gnostic type Experience and Visions, Direct Revelation are the authority.
61
Hubmaier's martyrdom
Arrives in Zurich 1526 tortured, recants. Moves to Moravia. Martyred in 1528.
62
Blaurach's martyrdom
moved from Zurich to Tyrol, martyred in Tyrol 1529
63
Hutter's martyrdom
Martyred in Auspitz 1536
64
Menno Simons
Former RCC priest Rejects RCC, becomes Anabaptist 1536.
65
Three Reformed responses to Anabaptists
Zwingli 1525 - "Against the Tricks of the Katabaptists" Calvin 1547 - "Treatise against the Anabaptists and Libertines" de Bres 1565 - "The Root, Source and Foundation of the Anabaptists"
66
"Treatise against the Anabaptists and Libertines"
Calvin 1547 Called them enemies of God and the human race Took issue with their disorderly conduct
67
"The Root, Source and Foundation of the Anabaptists"
de Bres 1565 Countered their errors on the incarnation, which described Christ's conception as "water through a pipe."
68
Socinian teachers
Faustius - rejected that Christ is true and eternal God Laelius - doubts about theology generally
69
Socinian Catechism
Taught that Christ is only a man, denied Christ's divinity as repugnant
70
Spiritualists: Teachers
Hinne Rode Loy Pruystinck These two men visit Luther in 1524; Luther warns others that they think man's reason IS the Holy Spirit
71
Spiritualist Doctrines
Goal of salvation is to be absorbed into divine being Poor Christology
72
Early Dutch Reformation
1380-1471 Thomas of Kampen. Seeks revival of personal piety. Kampen housed at least 100 "chapters" of the Devotio Moderna. This ended with the Protestant Reformation
73
Erasmus
1466-1536 From Rotterdam Took issue with RCC and Reformed alike "Prince of Humanists" Freshly interpreted Greek, e.g.: μετανοεω = repentance NOT do penance
74
Dutch Reformation's First martyrs
Died in Antwerp 1523 Jonge Van Essen Hendrik Vos
75
Dutch Reformed in the South
1530s French Speaking, centered in Antwerp. Tyndale martyred in Antwerp in 1536. Many martyrs by 1555.
76
Year of Wonder
1566 Hedge Preaching League of Dutch and Swiss nobles resist Spanish. LEague is called Les Geuex (= Sea Beggars).
77
William of Orange in 1569
gives ships to Les Geuex who pillage Spain and end sieges in Netherlands
78
First National Dutch Synod
Emden 1571
79
Dutch Republic Formed
1581
80
1578 Synod of Dort
asserts that the church elects and ordains elders, not the state.
81
Dutch Reformed Universities
Leiden 1574 Franeker 1585
82
Publication of Dutch State Bible
"Staten Vertaling" 1637 Published with study notes
83
Dutch Mission Work
1630-1654 in Brazil. Lost to the Portugese.
84
Nadere Reformation
Nearer, more precise reformation Focus on personal life and society. Personal faith and godly habits the central importance of Christianity.

Church History Figures (1 decks)

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