reformers Flashcards
(35 cards)
what year was the McNeil Tulloch report?
1855
what inspired the McNeil Tulloch report?
the crimean war highlighting weaknesses of army in supply, transport, and leadership
what was the focus of the McNeil Tulloch report?
campaign management, the commissariat
what were the main findings of the McNeil Tulloch report? (list 5)
(quick ver: lacking supplies and bad organisation = casualties)
casualties mostly from disease,
army providing lacking food and medical supplies,
leading to poor health and having to provide for themselves/work even when ill,
food supplies distributed too slowly (e.g lime for scurvy arrive 1854 not distributed till 1855),
40% horses died in winter (lack food),
supply communication poor
What were the recommendations of the McNeil Tulloch report? (list 3)
improve organisation and supply lines,
troops need nutritious diet (so more meat + veg) to prevent disease,
suggested replacing rum ration w larger amount of porter
What were the main POSITIVE consequences of the McNeil Tulloch report? (list 3)
reform of Commissariat (main),
put more of operations under army control,
army starting to take responsibility for ancillary services
what were some NEGATIVE consequences of the McNeil Tulloch report? (list 2)
attempts to whitewash report by “Chelsea Board,”
Commanders demanding enquiries into them to save their rep,
How far was the progress of McNeil Tulloch report?
showing the failures of the army, leading to government having a more active role in management
overall not very significant but was good progress in the right direction
Over what years did cardwell’s reforms take place?
1868-74
What inspired the Cardwell reforms 1868? (list 3)
Expansion of empire called for better/larger army,
growing threat of prussian empire (400,000 troops vs Brit under 100,000 scattered),
new gov ambitious and wanted reforms
What problems did Cardwell face in getting reforms? (list 3 points)
mothballing of army under Wellington,
many other generals didn’t want reform,
believed the army that beat Napoleon is still the best
What were Cardwell’s findings in brief?
Issues with recruitment bc of unappealing things in the army,
purchase of commission = wealthy dumbasses in top positions
What was discouraging army recruitment? (cardwell reforms) - list 5
flogging and branding,
have to purchase higher ranks,
dishonest recruiting seargents bc bounty money,
minimum service 12 years (21+ for pension),
long posts abroad,
why were people afraid of long posts abroad? (cardwell reforms)
soldiers would die of diseases or return very little, wouldnt be able to see their family
what was the minimum years of service to get a pension in the army? (cardwell reforms)
over 21
When was flogging abolished by Cardwell?
abolished in peacetime in 1868
When was branding abolished by Cardwell?
abolished completely 1871
When was bounty money abolished by Cardwell?
1870
What did Cardwell do to reform the minimum service requirement?
Army Enlistment Act 1870 allowed them to serve 1/2 12 years in reserves
How did Cardwell solve the problem of serving abroad?
Regulation of Forces Act 1871 allowed men to choose regiment they wanted to join
When did Cardwell abolish purchase of commission?
1871
What were the main positives of Cardwell’s reforms?
made the army more appealing and the promotion system marginally more fair
What issues were there with the effectiveness of Cardwell’s reforms? (list 3)
culture of army need more long term change,
either poor aspects of army like low pay not addressed,
army still a class hierarchy because of other factors like access of wealthy to education
Why is it arguable the solving of recruitment issues wasn’t fully due to Cardwell’s reforms?
The economic decline in the mid 70s made the army more appealing anyway
