Refractive Status

Question 1

Is used to describe the measurement of the posterior principal focus of the eye’s refractive mechanism with accommodation at rest

Answer 1

Static Refraction

Question 2

Is used when the refractive power of the eye is determined when accommodation is not at rest or active

Answer 2

Dynamic Refraction

Question 3

Incident parallel rays of light converge to form a circle known as

Answer 3

Circle of Least Confusion

Question 4

Refractive status with accommodation at rest, wherein incident rays of light converge to form the circle of least confusion upon the retina

Answer 4

Emmetropia

Question 5

Refractive status wherein the circle of least confusion is formed in front of the retina

Answer 5

Myopia

Question 6

Refractive status wherein the circle of least confusion is formed behind the retina

Answer 6

Hyperopia

Question 7

Refractive status where a single focus for all meridians does not exist due to a differing refractive power

Answer 7

Astigmatism

Question 8

Premature children often exhibit what type of EOR

Answer 8

Hyperopia

Question 9

If a child at 6 has EOR of 0-+0.50D, there is high probability he will be a?

Answer 9

Myopic

Question 10

If the error is between +0.50D- +1.25D, the child has chance to become an?

Answer 10

E

Question 11

Mid-Europeans show increased ___ than Scandinivians

Answer 11

M

Question 12

Negroes & Eskimos show little M but more ____

Answer 12

H

Question 13

Japanese & Chinese a high incidence of ____

Answer 13

M

Question 14

Egyptians are more ___ than Sudanese

Answer 14

M

Question 15

A customary type of myopia, mildly progressive, or if progressing occurs during the years of growth

Answer 15

Simple/Benign

Question 16

A classification of myopia by origin due to an abnormal development of one of the components of the ocular refracting mechanism or malignant effect

Answer 16

Pathological component

Question 17

-0.25D to -1.00D

Answer 17

Very Low

Question 18

-1.25 to -3.00D

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

-3.25D to -6.00D

Answer 19

Medium

Question 20

-6.25D to -10.00D

Answer 20

High

Question 21

Above -10.00D

Answer 21

Very High

Question 22

A type of hyperopia where it is produced by normal biological variations

Answer 22

Simple hyperopia

Question 23

A type of hyperopia which is caused by congenital & acquired elements outside the normal variation

Answer 23

Pathologic hyperopia

Question 24

A type of hyperopia which is due to the accommodative influence of reflex origin, or maybe due to a paralysis of accommodation

Answer 24

Functional hyperopia

Question 25

He suggested what is now known as Standard Notation

Answer 25

H. Knapp (1866)

Question 26

Was credited to give accurate description of astigmatism in 1800

Answer 26

Thomas Young

Question 27

Reported that in 1575, Pare produced stenopaic spectacles; he gave the clue that a certain defect of vision could be remedied by cylindrical lenses

Answer 27

Donders

Question 28

Produced the 1st distance test charts for astigmatism including the now familiar Clock Dial

Answer 28

John Green

Question 29

A refractive condition in which variation of power exists on the different meridians of the eye

Answer 29

Astigmatism

Question 30

Each meridian of the cornea is uniform throughout, and exist at right angles to each other

Answer 30

Regular

Question 31

Curvature of greatest power lies nearest the vertical meridian falling within the area between 60th-120th meridian

Answer 31

WTR

Question 32

Meridian exhibiting the greatest curvature lies within the range between 30th and 150th meridian

Answer 32

ATR

Question 33

Meridian of greatest curvature lies between 30th-60th or 120th-10th meridian

Answer 33

Oblique

Question 34

Total of degrees representing the 2 principal meridians corrected by cylinders of the same sign equals 180 degrees

Answer 34

Symmetrical

Question 35

When the 2 principal meridians of both eyes do not total 180 degrees

Answer 35

Asymmetrical

Question 36

In which ASTIG is due to unequal curvature of lens surface or layers

Answer 36

Lenticular

Question 37

With accommodation relaxed, one meridian would focus on the retina, while the other falls behind the retina

Answer 37

SHA

Question 38

With accommodation relaxed, the posterior principal focus of both meridians fall beyond the retina

Answer 38

CHA

Question 39

With accommodation relaxed, one meridian would focus on the retina, while the other falls infront of the retina

Answer 39

SMA

Question 40

With accommodation relaxed, the posterior principal focus both meridians fall infront of the retina

Answer 40

CMA

Question 41

With accommodation relaxed, one meridian would focus behind the retina, while the other falls infront of the retina

Answer 41

Mixed astigmatism

Question 42

The distance between two focal lies, which includes the circle of least confusion

Answer 42

Interval of Sturm

Question 43

A series of point sources of light

Answer 43

A line