Refugees

Question 1

6

define asylum seeker

Answer 1

a person who is forced to seek protection in another country due to fear of persecution
as a result of nationality, ethnicity, race, religion, social group or political views, however is yet to have their claim processed and is not legally classified as a refugee

Question 2

6

define refugee

Answer 2

a person who is forced to seek protection in another state due to fear of persecution as a result of nationality, ethnicity, race, religion, social group or political views

Question 3

define ratification

Answer 3

to ratify a treaty means to accept its terms, and officially binds it to the state

Question 4

define cosmopolitanism

Answer 4

the belief that all people are entitled to equal respect and consideration, regardless of their citizenship status or other affiliations

Question 5

define realism

Answer 5

the belief that a state’s top priority should be to look after their own national interests above all else

Question 6

25.?

as of 2019, how many refugees are there globally?

Answer 6

25.9 million

Question 7

3.?

as of 2019, how many asylum seekers are there globally?

Answer 7

3.5 million

Question 8

41.?

as of 2019, how many internally displaced people are there?

Answer 8

41.3 million

Question 9

what regions are most affected by refugee movements?

Answer 9

the middle east; including syria and turkey, as well as northeast africa; including somalia and sudan

Question 10

what are the major causes of refugee movements in the middle east?

Answer 10

armed civil conflict pertaining to incompatible ethnic or political ideologies

Question 11

what are the major causes of refugee movements in northeast africa?

Answer 11

severe poverty and calamitous weather such as droughts and floods

Question 12

names of refugee treaties

Answer 12

1951 UN Convention on the Status of Refugees, and 1967 Optional Protocol

Question 13

unable or unwilling, 5

definition of refugees under the 1951 treaty

Answer 13

‘a refugee is someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion’

Question 14

5

rights given to refugees by the 1951 treaty

Answer 14

o protection from refoulement
o protection against unlawful expulsion or detention
o the right to employment and education
o access to the courts
o freedom of movement

Question 15

penalties, 7

obligations of states that have ratified the 1951 treaty

Answer 15

o provide a means for refugees to have their claims processed
o provide protection for refugees whose claims have been found to be genuine
o not return refugees to states where they may face persecution
o allow refugees access to courts, education, freedom of movement and religion
o as far as possible, provide refugees the same rights as citizens of the state
o not discriminate against refugees
o not impose penalties on refugees who arrive illegally

Question 16

what is australia’s resettlement quota?

Answer 16

australia has an intake limit of 13,750 refugees annually, which are predominantly taken from UNHCR camps

Question 17

policy aimed at ?

what is operation sovereign borders?

Answer 17

operation sovereign borders is australia’s border protection policy aimed at halting maritime arrivals in australia. it consists of turning back all boats approaching Australia and implementing offshore detention on nauru, as well as preventing any boat asylum seeker from ever obtaining a visa for Australia

Question 18

july ? 20??

what are australia’s policies on asylum seekers arriving by boat?

Answer 18

australia has denied resettlement to asylum seekers arriving by boat since july 19th 2013, implementing measures including the ‘turn back boats’ policy and indefinite offshore detention.

Question 19

what are australia’s policies on asylum seekers arriving by plane?

Answer 19

asylum seekers who have arrived by plane are allowed to live in the community while their claim is being processed, and then are allowed to resettle once granted refugee status

Question 20

popularising anti-immigration

how do electoral politics influence the australian government’s policies?

Answer 20

refugees have been demonised by the media and government, popularising discrimination against refugees through methods such as the ‘children overboard’ incident which consisted of a fabricated image directed at dehumanising refugees. this compels the public to vote for parties that advocate against accepting boat arrivals

Question 21

how does the theory of realism influence the australian government’s policies?

Answer 21

australia’s refrainment from accepting a larger, more proportionate amount of refugees in comparison to their population from UNHCR camps reflects realist beliefs. and, under the notion of protecting its borders, australia denies visas and resettlement to asylum seekers who arrive by boat, instead towing them away or detaining them

Question 22

? is a human right

how does the theory of cosmopolitanism influence the australian greens party?

Answer 22

the influence of this theory is exhibited by their claim that seeking asylum is a human right and that all asylum seekers arrive in australian territory lawfully. the party also insists that immigration must be non-discriminatory, which further resembles cosmopolitanism through its argument that all people deserve equal treatment

Question 23

to what extent does australia cooperate with the international community?

Answer 23

australia, despite being a state that has ratified the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol, is failing to meet their obligations and is therefore neglecting the international community and resettlement of refugees. they should take in refugees proportionate to their population and decriminalise maritime arrivals

Question 24

UN Convention ?, 4

what are the conditions like on nauru?

Answer 24

australian treatment of individuals on Nauru has been discovered to violate the UN Convention Against Torture due to the indefinite nature of detention, the harsh conditions and frequent violence inside the centre, and the failure to protect vulnerable people

Question 25

what is the difference between signing and ratifying a treaty?

Answer 25

signing means agreeing with the treaty in principle, whereas ratifying means agreeing to be bound by its conditions