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Regenerating Places Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

what are the different job sectors

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary

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2
Q

what are the types of jobs

A

full-time/part-time
temporary/permanent
employed/self-employed

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3
Q

what are the spatial patterns of the socio-economic inequalities that have arisen within the UK

A

workers in London and South East England have higher average incomes, but housing and many other costs are also higher there.

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4
Q

define gentrification

A

the change in the social structure of a place when affluent people move into a location.

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5
Q

what is the northern powerhouse

A

the northern powerhouse rail, is connecting the east to west infrastructure of the north

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6
Q

benefits of the northern powerhouse

A

linking and strengthen economies in the north, upgrading technology in the north, help to rebalance the UK economy

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7
Q

what are the factors influencing the productivity gap between the north and south

A

one of the factors cited as having caused this productivity gap is that government and universities spend more on research in the south-east of England

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8
Q

what is perception

A

a vital part of lived experience and affects how people engage with their place

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9
Q

define successful

A

tend to be self-sustaining as more people and investment are drawn to the opportunities created.

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10
Q

define replicator ciies

A

replace past industry with low skilled tertiary industries which limits economic growth

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11
Q

define reinventor cities

A

change their economic base by bringing in highly skilled tertiary industries such as IT and digital media

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12
Q

evidence for Sydney having economic success

A

Sydney has 50% of Australia’s top 500 businesses
high abundance of high income jobs

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13
Q

what is a sink estate

A

low-income groups needing social assistance from the rest of society

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14
Q

what is a declining rural settlement

A

Reduction in population in rural areas, leading to reduced services and government spending

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15
Q

what is the pattern of age in participation in the community

A

older people are more likely to engage in public groups, as they have more time to devote to these activities

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16
Q

what is the pattern of length of residence in participation in the community

A

the 2011 census showed that Cornwall had many short-term residents, engagement with communities is unlikely to develop in so short a period

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17
Q

what is the pattern of deprivation in participation in the community

A

influences voting and engagement- to quote news websites ‘ the poor don’t vote’

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18
Q

why do central governments become involved in regeneration

A

too expensive for private companies
develop national policies

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19
Q

why does the government support the development of fracking in the UK

A

it is more environmentally friendly and helps to reach environmental targets
as well as providing energy security as it reduces reliance on imports

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20
Q

why are people opposed to fracking

A

living close to a site will lead to increase in traffic congestion, seismic activity and water pollution

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21
Q

what are the different regeneration strategies

A

retail-led
leisure and tourism-led
culture-led
sport-led
rural diversification

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22
Q

deregulation

A

The removal of government legislation and laws in a particular market to lift barriers and restrictions within and between businesses.

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23
Q

what is HS2

A

A new high-speed rail network. It will travel between London and the West Midlands, operating at a faster speed than any current train in Europe.

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24
Q

what is the role of national government in regeneration

A

A key decision maker.
Wide ranging decisions– immigration policy
financing of large-scale infrastructure projects, e.g. HS2

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25
what is the role of the local council in regeneration
Implement national strategy at a local level. Involved in Grant planning permission, e.g. for Fracking. Have a key role in liaising with the local community.
26
what is the role of developers in regeneration
Responsible for delivering any infrastructure. Have a motive to make profit from the project.
27
what is the role of the local community in regeneration
Within local communities some will oppose and some will not This varies depending on many demographic characteristics A key factor is whether they stand to gain or lose out from regeneration
28
what are the aims of deregulation
raised level of competitiveness between companies and therefore higher productivity, higher efficiency and lower prices overall
29
what are the oppositions to deregulations
environmental pollution, environmental quality, financial uncertainty and constraining monopolies
30
what is the purpose of local competition
competitiveness between local authorities to create attractive business environments for investors and workers. They develop local plans which designate specific areas for development
31
what is the importance local interest groups
Local interest groups play varying roles in regeneration policies. There are often tensions between groups that wish to preserve places and those that seek change
32
what is retail-led regeneration
National and local governments tend to be heavily involved, authorities influence shop types, pedestrianized areas and alcohol-free zones.
33
what is tourism and leisure-led regeneration
A very popular regeneration strategy, it can range from individual households offering B&Bs, custom-built private centers such as Center Parcs, purpose-built leisure complexes
34
what is culture-led regeneration
This meets the demand from people wanting to visit places associated with famous authors, musicians and painters.
35
what is sport-led regeneration
This can be used as a catalyst for longer-term regeneration and attracts inward investment and external funding as well as often creating new green spaces
36
evidence for Sydney having social success
30% of workforce born overseas ranked 10th for quality of life
37
evidence for Sydney having political success
deregulation of banking and finance so any bank can operate
38
how do differences in economic impact life expectancy UK
males in the most deprived areas expected to live 9 fewer years than those in the least deprived
39
what has caused health inequalities in the UK
not by access to the NHS, but by lifestyle choices
40
how do government policies influence places?
impacts of Brexit
41
what are the variations in attitudes to economic and social change
cultural erosion to enrichment
42
4 key stages in successful regions
bigger pool of trained labour+ high rates of employment spending power increases with improved tax revenue area functions as growth pole new industries enter
43
how can continuing success negatively effect a region and lead to a two-teir economy
high demand for housing= high property prices workers in lower paid job cannot afford this forced to leave skill shortage can develop investment needed to affordable housing
44
how does a spiral of decline occur
closure of factory causes long-term unemployment out-migration of transferable skills
45
what causes conflicting views
lack of political engagement ethnic tensions inequality lack of economic opportunity
46
what did the closure of factories lead to in Russel belt USA
median household income was 1200 reduces tax income mens life expectancy 8 years below US average
47
how much is the government currently investing into regeneration in UK
crossrail, estimated £17.8 billion
48
successes of London Olympics
new jobs in construction and tourism have created a multiplier effect, over 20000 jobs by 2030
49
tensions created by London Olympics
original plans originally had 50% of the housing as affordable, but local govs in the area wanted more expensive housing, as sale of theses would improve budgets many locals had to leave
50
what has urban rebranding in the Titanic Quater led to
in 2012 regeneration resulted in £105 million of additional tourism
51
what has rural rebranding lead to in the bronte country
some farms has diversified away from farming to offering accommodation for tourists and leisure services
52
positives of Salford Quays
BBC relocating some of its operation has supported 1000 businesses and creating 15500 jobs, contributing £1.5 billion to the local economy
53
negatives of Salford Quays
all of the new jobs aren't for locals, so high skilled are benefiting disproportionally to low skilled locals
54
how does the eden project impact cornwall
brings 14.7 million annually but only high skilled jobs created
55
how does superfast broadband impact cornwall
creates 2000 jobs and generates £200 million per year, as well as overcoming Cornwall geographical isolation cost 132 million
56
what are the general characteristics of Hebden Bridge
steep hills with fast flowing streams high rainfall should be densely wooded
57
what are the general characteristics of Canary Wharf
surrounded by the Thames, in the capital originally marsh would be several feet below water at high tide
58
how has the function of Hebden Bridge changed overtime
marsh -> agriculture -> textiles -> tourism
59
how has the function of Canary Wharf changed overtime
docks -> abandoned shipyard -> highest concentration of council housing in England -> office complexes
60
how and why has Hebden Bridge population demographics changed
from working class to middle class 'creatives' took advantage of cheap and sometimes derelict buildings mostly migrating from the south of England
61
how and why has Canary Wharf population demographics changed
dock workers originally, 200000 moved when the docks shut low-income households used council housing to high-income, high skilled worker (relatively young)
62
what changes have there been to economic wealth in Hebden Bridge
more people with level 4 qualification and above than the local and national average house prices have continued to rise since 2000
63
what changes have there been to economic wealth in Canary Wharf
housing changed from low-rent council properties to private properties (still pockets of high deprivation) workers in the area earn 3 and a half times the average UK salary
64
why has there been change in Hebden Bridge
gentrification
65
why has there been change in Canary Wharf
gentrification market-led regeneration special planning policies and low corporation tax
66
how have connections changed in Hebden Bridge
increased internet access, in what is a fairly remote area links to urban centres, 30 min to Manchester city centre on the train
67
how have connections changed in Canary Wharf
buses used to be the only public transport, it was also separated from the rest of London due to being an. insular island soon to be on the cross-rail route
68
how has the identity of Hebden Bridge changed
a thriving LGBTQ+ community, due to people finding a supporting community in Hebden, resulting in a thriving music, arts and creative scene 2010 ranked 6th on a diversity scale
69
how has the identity of Canary Wharf changed
same number of people employed as before, but very different industries average age= 31 in 2011, the country of birth was 45% UK and 42% in other countries
70
how has the environment changed in Hebden
used to be swampy valley floor, however the river has been impound deforestation of the valley sides has led to poor soils
71
how has the environment changed in Canary Wharf
has gone from marsh lands to a built up urban area, with the second tallest habitable building in Britain
72
how is Hebden impacted by the environment and how does it impact
several recent flooding events (boxing day 2015) traffic congestion and poor air quality
73
how is Canary Wharf impacted by the environment and how does it impact
0 waste to landfill since 2009 achieve net zero carbon by 2030 is built on water so may be vulnerable to rising sea level
74
what are the challenges facing Hebden Bridge
a place dependent on tourism is potentially vulnerable problem with second home ownership and airbnb purchases
75
what are the challenges facing Canary Wharf
suffered greatly during Covid, passenger numbers significantly lower

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