Regenerating Places

Question 1

What is the difference between a SPACE and a PLACE?

Answer 1

SPACE - refers to physical location and the distribution of physical features such as football clubs etc
PLACE - Is a ‘Space’ given meaning by people through personal memories of events and experiences

Question 2

What is the defintion of REGENRATION?

Answer 2

LONG TERM UPGRADING of existing places

Question 3

What is REBRANDING?

Answer 3

Places are given new or enhanced identity to increase attractivness

Question 4

List types of employment secotrs with examples?

Answer 4

Primary (Farming), Secondary(Manafacturing), Tertiary (Teaching), Quaternary (IT), Quinary (Government)

Question 5

What has happened to the UK Employment sector over time? (Since 1841)

Answer 5

Primary Sector - Has steadily decreased from 22% to now 1%
Secondary - was steady until the 60’s where is rapidly declined from 38% to 9% still falling
Tertiary - Been dominant since 1920’s - large rise after WW2 - Now 81%

Question 6

How does an employment sector affect a places role in the world?

Answer 6

Some places become winner or Losers such as London, M4 corridoor whilst Cornwall, Lake District are loser

Question 7

What do ZERO HOUR CONTRACTS do to peoples sense of place?

Answer 7

Leads them to becme alienated due to not being able to become a member of society in where you live DUE to the POOR CONDITIONS OF THE CONTRACT

Question 8

2 Examples of how places can have a change in demographic characteristics? Impacts of these changes?

Answer 8

Studentification ( High density of students leads to ANti-Social Behavior, High Hospitality Sector,Seasonal Business)
AND
Gentrification

Question 9

What are the 4 factors that affect the changing characteristics of a place?

Answer 9

PHYSICAL FACTORS (Where its located)
ACCESSIBILITY (Access to transport infrastructure/links to other places)
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT (what has happened in the hostory as well as wider developments in the country)
PLANNED CHANGE (By governments and other stakeholders)

Question 10

How can you measure changes to places that occur?
What data is used to measure the changes? (Explain)

Answer 10

Land use change, Employment Trends, Deprivation Levels and Demographic Change
Quantitative Data - Measurable Data such as Cencus data %
Qualitative Data - Less Easily Measured , Opinions , Data Trends and behaviour

Question 11

What is IMD and how are places Ranked?
What is LSOA/How many in UK?How many indicators are there?

Answer 11

Index of Multiple Deprivation
Places are ranked on their relative deprivation.
(Lower-Layer Super Output Areas)32,844 - small areas or neighbourhoods
37 Indicators are used

Question 12

Example of a rural area in Decline?
Figures to show this?

Answer 12

RedRuth, Cornwall
Wages - £14k - av.UK - £23
Top ten deprived places in EU
40% of households less than £10k
High costs of living
Its a rural sink estate

Question 13

Common features with areas of Inequality?
What has it created in Urban and Rural area?

Answer 13

Residential Sorting
Social Segregation
Low wage families live in the same area SAME with HIGH income
Urban - Sink Estates and Gated Communities
Rural - successful commuter villagies and Declining remote areas

Question 14

Areas with HIGH REGEN Priorty?
Explain?

Answer 14

Declining Rural Settlements - A De-Mulitplier effect taken place- Lack of services forces people out - more less services( Spiral, decline)

Question 15

Areas with LOW REGEN priorty?
Explain?

Answer 15

Commuter Villages - Occupied by the wealthy, Often second homes(Lake District), Low levels of deprivation

Question 16

Whats causing the popularity of commuter villages?
Positive and Negative Impacts of this?

Answer 16

Counter-Urbanisation -
P - Local schools, Public Services, Pubs have more customers
NEG- Increased Pollution, Conflict between residents and new 1’s, Services depleting, loss of community - Ghost Towns

Question 17

Rural Success? Why?

Answer 17

Itchen Valley, Winchester - Good access to London, Young Pop gave it new life - helped Pubs, services/schools. House prices above UK AVerage 558k - av.298K

Question 18

Rural Failure? Why?

Answer 18

Llansilin, Wales - Rural area- not a lot of broadband and mobile Phone coverage (less services)
Low house prices-230K, 298K av.
Low pop of 700 people
scoed 50% deprived area of Wales

Question 19

Low Income Urban areas with high REGEN priorty?

Answer 19

Sink Estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime especially drugs and gang violence
Broadwater Farm , London

Question 20

What have the consequences of Inequality been?
Whats increased and decreased?

Answer 20

Increased- crime, segregation, health issues, infant mortality
Decreased -High Grade, connections between people, Trust, Attatchment to places.

Question 21

Example of a less Successful Urban Area? Explain?

Answer 21

Rust Belt - In the NE US - Foreign competition in car manafacturing in Ger and Jap- led to migration of companies - loss of jobs - richer moving out - poorer staying - more crime - more abandonment - Spiral of Decline

Question 22

Place in the UK that has their own Rust Belt Legacy?
Statistics?

Answer 22

Hartlepool : former steel town and ship builder -2x national unemployment of 8% - 25% of shops are empty

Question 23

What is Pivotal in cities response to deindustrialisation?
What two ways are cities changing to do this?

Answer 23

The taking up of Knowledge Economy employment is pivotal
2 ways are - replicator and reinventor cities

Question 24

What does the distribution of replicator and reinventor cities tell us about the UK?

Answer 24

most replicator cities are in the North whilst Reinventor cities are in the South. Shows the North-South divide. Norhtern cities find it harder to adapt to industrialisation

Question 25

Why is the government needed in regeneration?

Answer 25

Regeneration usually is upgrading of infrastructure which is high cost and lengthy which means the gov is needed

Question 26

What has happened to infrastructure projects since the 1980’s?

Answer 26

Increase in privitisation and partnerships between government and private financiers.

Question 27

UK Infrastructure Development Case Studies?

Answer 27

Heathrow Expansion - Polarised Views, Local/National MP’s, Mayor, national view - Protect Rural England (Negative),
Business leaders, British Chamber of Commeree and Richard Branson - Pro Expansion (Generate £100bn, create 10K new job)

Question 28

How do Labour and Conservative differ on regeneration policies?

Answer 28

Labour - Spend more on programmes such as the Pathfinder programme to regen housing (More social Housing)
Conservative - Regneration has to prove it will generate economic gain. Less government spending more private. Encouraged city/local authorities to work together

Question 29

What is Pump Priming?

Answer 29

when the government funds projects expecting outside investment to help

Question 30

Whose interests take priorty in planning?

Answer 30

National priorty - since 2010 focus on stimulating economic growth.

Question 31

What happens when Planning decisions take too long?
Impacts of this ?

Answer 31

Planning Blight occurs - investors unwilling to invest unless a decision is made, house prices fall, trap residents - downwards cycle ensues

Question 32

Example of projects with National INterests ? 4A.7 C

Answer 32

Fracking projects - Allowed by the Department for Eneergy and Climat Change - give liscences for fracking to ensure energy security .