Regenerating places - Theory

Question 1

What is a Reinventor city?

Answer 1

A city that has encouraged IT and digital media, higher wages, graduate workers and new businesses

Question 2

What is a Replicator city?

Answer 2

A city that has replaced cotton mills with call centres and distribution centres and often employs workers with lower qualifications

Question 3

What is social stratification?

Answer 3

When society is divided as an area doesn’t cater towards all social classes

Question 4

What is Civic Engagement?

Answer 4

The ways that people participate in their community to improve the quality of life

Question 5

What types of people are politically engaged? (2)

Answer 5

Elderly
Professionals

Question 6

What types of people are not politically engaged?

Answer 6

DE social grade

Question 7

What are 3 methods of measuring the need for regeneration?

Answer 7

Qualitative data
Quantative data
Media Portrayal

Question 8

What is shared ownership?

Answer 8

Buying a proportion of the property and renting the other half through a housing association

Question 9

What is the help to buy scheme?

Answer 9

Loan given to reduce the deposit required to buy a house for first time buyers in new builds

Question 10

What is primary industry?

Answer 10

Extraction of raw materials
(eg. farming/mining)

Question 11

What is secondary industry?

Answer 11

Manufacturing and processing of raw materials
iron works and manufacturing ect

Question 12

What is tertiary industry ?

Answer 12

Service sector

tourism and banking etc

Question 13

what is quaternary industry?

Answer 13

High tech research and development

Question 14

What is Quinary industry?

Answer 14

knowledge management, consultancy etc

Question 15

Why is there inequality within the UK?

Answer 15

• Transition to a post industrial economy has not been even across the UK and therefore there has been differences in pay and type of work

Question 16

What is studentification?

Answer 16

When students cluster in certain areas of towns and cities.

Question 17

What types of businesses grow due to studentification?

Answer 17

pubs and small shops

Question 18

Why is there a high crime rate in Student areas?

Answer 18

The houses are easy to break into and there is usually a high amount of tech in the houses.

Question 19

How many students live in Selly Oak Birmingham?

Answer 19

35,000

Question 20

What is multiculturalism?

Answer 20

When people from different countries live near each-other

Question 21

What is an enclave?

Answer 21

When communities form based on people from a certain country settling in one area

Question 22

What is an aging population/ brain drain?

Answer 22

When all the young people move away as there are no job opportunities other than in tourism = means majority of people are elderly

Question 23

What is gentrification?

Answer 23

When rich people buy previously deindustrialised areas and spend money renovating the houses

Question 24

What is an impact of gentrification?

Answer 24

House prices rise so local people have to leave and social stratification occurs

Question 25

What are physical factors why places change?

Answer 25

- Coastal erosion - Climate change creates unpredicted flooding - Eco buildings

Question 26

What are reasons linking to accessibility why places change?

Answer 26

Improved railway and motorway Allow rural areas to be accessable More FDI

Question 27

How has Llandudno changed over time?

Answer 27

Undergone some change. Remains reliant on Tourism. Demographic is elderly.

Question 28

How has birmingham changed over time?

Answer 28

Was associated with secondary industry but now focuses on jewellery industry and tertiary industry. Now ranks 10th in terms of research.

Question 29

Where in Birmingham has been gentrified?

Answer 29

Ladywood Was previously the worst area for child poverty. House prices increased by 17%

Question 30

Benefits of gentrification (2)

Answer 30

Increases economic value of an area Attracts rich people

Question 31

Cons of gentrification?

Answer 31

Traditional communities cannot afford the rent - can lead to social stratification

Question 32

Positives of studentification?

Answer 32

LT upskilling of work force as many students stay after their degree

Question 33

What is the ethnic composition of Birmingham compared to Llandudno?

Answer 33

42% of ethnic origin compared to 6% in Llandudno

Question 34

Positive of ethnic composition? (2)

Answer 34

Fosters diversity, tolerance and acceptance Cultural exchange

Question 35

Negatives of ethnic composition?

Answer 35

In Birmingham 16% do not have English as their first language - can cause social segregation and problems with services

Question 36

What is an example of a successful city?

Answer 36

Berkshire (M4 corridor)

Question 37

Since 2001 how much has Berkshire’s population increased by?

Answer 37

6.4%

Question 38

From 2005 - 2011 how much did property prices increase by in Berkshire?

Answer 38

40% to 50%

Question 39

What is a sink estate?

Answer 39

Housing estates characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation and crime, especially domestic violence drugs and gangs.

Question 40

What do sink estates priorities include?

Answer 40

Enhanced sports facilities Reduce crime and increase feel of community Housing

Question 41

What is a commuter village?

Answer 41

Settlements that have a proportion of the population living in them, but who commute our daily or weekly usually to large settlements

Question 42

What are priorities of a commuter village? (4)

Answer 42

Building new houses Invest in public transport Better broadband Better rail connections

Question 43

What is a gated community?

Answer 43

Found in urban and rural settlements as either individual buildings or groups of houses. Have CCTV and security guards

Question 44

What are priorities of a gated communities? (3)

Answer 44

Reduce crime Increase security Maintain a value of their property

Question 45

What were causes of the 2011 race riots? (3)

Answer 45

- Government cutbacks to Educational Maintenance Allowance - Urban deprivation - High youth unemployment

Question 46

How does international direction help investment?

Answer 46

Deregulation of capital markets since 1970s has made it easier for foreign companies to invest in UK infrastructure

Question 47

How does migration policy help investment?

Answer 47

In 2004, 8 countries joined the EU and many moved to the UK including 1.2 million Poles.

Question 48

What is the aim of Rebranding?

Answer 48

To sell a place to potential customers

Question 49

What is regeneration?

Answer 49

Investment in an area, perhaps in the form of infrastructure or other elements. This will trigger cumulative causation.

Question 50

What is re-imaging?

Answer 50

When an area is sold or advertised with new packaging to change the impression investors have.

Question 51

What is cumulative causation?

Answer 51

Arises when a process is self-reinforcing and grows ever stronger, so that it does not equilibrate

Question 52

How to measure economic success of regeneration? (3)

Answer 52

Income deprivation Employment deprivation Poverty

Question 53

How to measure the social success of regeneration? (3)

Answer 53

Education Reduction in deprivation Health and disability

Question 54

How to measure the environmental success of regeneration? (3)

Answer 54

Living environment deprivation Reduced pollution levels Reduction in abandoned land