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Geography H > Regeneration > Flashcards

Regeneration Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

what is a key factor in the creation of a place

A

structure of the local economyn

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2
Q

what is primary industry

A

raw material e.g. crops

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3
Q

what is secondary industry

A

manufactures or assembles the raw materials into are commodities

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4
Q

what is tertiary industry

A

services e.g. transporting the goods

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5
Q

what is quaternary industry

A

the knowledge sector of the economy e.g. IT

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6
Q

what is the clark fisher model

A

shows the change in types of industry and how primary has decreased and tertiary increased
the quaternary came around post industrial

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7
Q

what is the quinary sector

A

the highest levels of decision making occurs e.g. top level executives in government

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8
Q

what are the 6 types of employment

A

permanent, temporary, full time, part time, employed, self employed

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9
Q

what is permanent employment

A

the worker has contract no end date

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10
Q

what is temporary employment

A

short term position, fixed end date

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11
Q

what is full time employment

A

works 5 days a week >35 hours

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12
Q

what is part time employment

A

not 100% of a week e.g. 3 days

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13
Q

what is employed employment

A

member staff, paid by their employer

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14
Q

what is self employed employment

A

responsible for own business and their income is paid to themselves

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15
Q

uks current employment rates

A

32.8 million people in work
1.46 million officially unemployed

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16
Q

uks employment sectors forom 1926-2016

A

tertiary sector increased form 52% to 84%
secondary decreases from 34% to 15%
primary decreased from 14% to 1%

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17
Q

pay levels in the uk

A

high pay diffuses out from London with median being around 25-35k closest to London

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18
Q

what is postcode lottery

A

refers to uneven distribution of local personal health services nationally especially in mental health early diagnosis of cancer and emergency care of elderly

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19
Q

whats the Glasgow effect

A

impacts if poor health linked to deprivation

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20
Q

gross value added

A

measures the contribution to the economy of each individual producer, industry or sector
used for calculating GDP

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21
Q

index of multiple deprivation

A

-measures used by central governments and local authorities to target regeneration aid
-areas ranked by their level of deprivation
- but not all people may be deprived in that area
- country split into 32.844 areas
- 37 indicators are used to measure deprivation

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22
Q

what are functions

A

the role a place plays for its community and surroundings, they grow, disappear and change over time

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23
Q

what are the 6 key functions

A

retail, administrative, residential, transport, industrial, commercial

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24
Q

retail function

A

zone where shops are available selling a range of goods

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25
administrative function
the area includes local authority offices who run the local services may include national government offices
26
residential function
zone dominated by housing
27
transport function
mainly contains infrastructure for transport such as major roads and trains stations
28
industrial function
good are manufactures in factors air and noise pollution tend to be high
29
commercial function
contains recreation facilities such as sports centres and cinemas which provide services for people
30
what are the 5 factors that may cause functions to change
physical factors, accessibility and connectedness, historical development, local and national planning, other factors
31
physical factors that may cause a function to change
- sea level rising coastal erosion - climate change effecting land use decisions - flood defences are developing to be multi use with tourist attraction
32
accessibility ad connectedness that may cause function to change
- developments of roads and railways change importance of towns - villages in essex and Kent becoming more popular rural alternatives - Shenfield overtook Brentwood in important when main railway line to London switched form stopping in bwood to sfiled cross rail
33
historical development that may cause function to change
- current layout and characteristics still reflect their history (London west vs eastern divide)
34
local and national planning that may cause function to change
- national infrastructure plan (2010) has deigned towns like Bicester as new garden cities with 13000 new homes and railway
35
other factors that may cause function to change
- globalisation - deindustrialisation - migration
36
what is gentrification
a cage in social structure of a place when affluent people move in causes poorer people to move out of the area as they can no longer afford it
37
lesson 4????
u need to find if this lesson exxists
38
what are the 7 indexs of deprivation
- income - employment - education - health - crime - barriers to housing and services - living environment
39
what is the positive multiplier effect
can be good or bad its just how an increase in something leads to an increase in another
40
what Is deindustrialization
getting rid of factories
41
example of a spiral of decline
industrial decline- reduced workforce- unemployed- less money to spend in local shops- economy suffering- shops close- derelict
42
what is the rust belt USA
a strip across the usa of derelict factories - New York to Wisconsin - steel cars - outsourcing and offshoring cause - lakes were good fro trading
43
when does economic inequality occur
when income and wealth in a specific location is not even spread amongst the population
44
when does social inequality occur
when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly between population
45
what are the 4 types of community
- sink estates - rural settlements - commuter towns - gated communities
46
what is a sink estate
a British council housing estate characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation
47
what is a rural settlement
an area characterised by historical out migration influenced by mechanisation of farming and subsequent lack of employment
48
what is a commuter town
residents normally work elsewhere although they live eat and sleep in th area will travel fro tourism
49
what is a gated community
a residential community or housing estate contains strictly controlled entrances and often characterised by a closed perimeter of walls and fences
50
what are the regeneration priorities in a gated community
- infrastructure and facilities upgrade -security enhances - social spaces - technology - aesthetics
51
what are the regeneration priorities in a rural settlement
- economic - housing + population retention - social well being - e.g. eden cornwall
52
what are the regeneration priorities in a commuter settlement
- employment levels - housing development - social community - environmental sustainability - e.g. woking Surrey
53
what are the regeneration priorities in a sink estate
- economic - crime reduction - housing urban renewal - transport - e.g. park hill Sheffield
54
what is infrastructure
physical and organisational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
55
what is a public sector
owned and operated by the government funded by taxes
56
what is a private sector
Owen and operates by individuals or private companies
57
what role doe the government have in regeneration
- investment in infrastructure addressing issues of accessibly - two main characteristics high cost and longevity - 1980s increasing privatisation and partnerships - private secor is used to design build and finance maintain public sector assets
58
whats a place
geographical spaces shaped bu individuals and communities over time
59
rural - urban continuum
unbroken transition from sparsely populated rural places to densely populated urban areas
60
what factors might affect a regeneration policy
- politics of the local area - legal of the past - urban vs rural locations - legacy of past projects - external factors e.g. recession
61
what is a local authority
- local version of a government
62
what responsibilities do local authorities have
- range of vital services fro people and businesses - well known functions such as social care, schools, housing, planning and wast collection - licensing business support and pest control
63
what is inward investment
involves an external of foreign entity either investing in or purchasing the goods of local economy. foreign money that comes into the domestic economy
64
what actions can local government take to improve an area (3)
- invest in infrastructure fro specific sectors e.g. science parks - offer incentives/ remove barriers fro businesses e.g. council tax discounts - encourage external funding through use of sport are culture and heritage e.g. Olympic region or Glasgow
65
what is regional aid
grants available to deindustrialised , or remote , rural areas to stimulate new investment, businesses start-ups and funding towards costs ended 2021
66
what are enterprise zones
incentives focused on specific areas to attract investments
67
post production countryside
a rural place whose economy is no longer based on agriculture, reflection of increasing small % of the workforce in traditional rural employment
68
post productions
changes in agriculture policy and practise shifting the emphasis away from maximum yield's and towards more sustainable agriculture
69
what are the 5 main problems faced by rural areas
- lack of rural services - lack of employment opportunities - low wages (25% below uk average) - decline in primary employment - seasonal tourism
70
what are the three ways of diversification
agriculture based, non agriculture based, environmental schemes
71
examples of agriculture based influence diversification
producing and selling speciality cheeses, farming unusual animals, developing farm shops, climate change slowing new opportunities
72
examples of no agriculture based influence diversification
redundant farm building to offices, campsites, horse livery
73
examples of environmental schemes influence diversification
funded by RDP, such as natural Englands environmental stewardship scheme and planting woodland
74
how do we rebrand countryside
-heritage and literacy associations (Bronte country) - farm diversification and specialised products (Clarkson) - outdoor pursuits and specialised
75
what are the three case studies for rural rebranding
- Bronte country - Clarksons farm - Kielder forest

Geography H (6 decks)

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