Regeneration EQ4 - Regeneration success/stakeholders

Question 1

What is legacy?

Answer 1

The longer term effects of a regeneration scheme

Question 2

What are the 3 economic measures of regeneration?

Answer 2

• employment
• income
• poverty
  Relative and absolute - within areas and in comparison to more successful areas

Question 3

How should the success of regeneration be measured?

Answer 3

By a range of criteria (indicators) over a short and longer time scale, both within areas and in comparison to more successful areas

Question 4

What is the difference between a relative scale and an absolute scale?

Answer 4

Absolute scales start at a minimum point and only progress in one direction.
Relative scales are geographical scales and do not have a fixed reference - compares to other locations

Question 5

Why is regeneration success difficult to measure?

Answer 5

Evidence of success can be difficult to quantify:
- regeneration projects have different aims and therefore measures may differ
- regeneration schemes designed to be successful in the long term rather than just a quick fix, so progress may not be seen initially
- rebranding is often associated with regeneration and this is hard to quantify the success of

Question 6

What are the measures of social progress?

Answer 6

• reductions in inequalities
• improvements in social measures of deprivation
• demographic changes (life expectancy, health)

Question 7

What is one more complex social measure used to measure regeneration?

Answer 7

The IMD’s health deprivation and disability domain

Question 8

What are 2 measures of the effectiveness of environmental improvements?

Answer 8

• reduction in pollution levels
• reduction in abandoned and derelict land

Question 9

How do regeneration schemes include improving the quality of the built environment?

Answer 9

• redeveloping derelict land and buildings
  decontaminate brownfield land
• creating new parks and green spaces (trees, wetlands etc)
• putting in place street furniture and improving area designed (graffiti removal)

Question 10

What are the 2 basic effects of regeneration based on physical upgrades in buildings and space (focused solely on economic)?

Answer 10

• forcing out locals via unintended regeneration as properties become unaffordable
• direct impact on individuals’ lives

Question 11

What can a lack of success in social, economic and environmental measures lead to?

Answer 11

A spiral of decline

Question 12

What factors affect perception of success?

Answer 12

• media coverage
• age
• stance on development and change
• ethnicity
• gender
• personal experience with change
• personal perceptions and attachment

Question 13

What is a stakeholder?

Answer 13

Any groups or individuals involved in, or interested in, regeneration

Question 14

What are stakeholder views dependent on?

Answer 14

Meaning/lived experience
The impacts of change on reality and image of a place

Question 15

Who are the different urban stakeholders?

Answer 15

• national government and planners
• local councils
• developers
• local businesses
• local communities

Question 16

What was Salford Quays like before regeneration?

Answer 16

Docks had declined and shut in 1970s
Leaving polluted waterways, derelict land and a spiral of decline

Question 17

How was Salford Quays regenerated?

Answer 17

Created MediaCity UK, housing BBC and ITV to create new job opportunities etc
Culture: Lowry and Imperial War Museum North
90 hectares of industrial land redeveloped

Question 18

SALFORD QUAYS: What did existing residents want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?

Answer 18

Want - better housing, community facilities, jobs
Measures success by - rising income, health, community spirit, improved access to services
E.g., in 2013 local historians and local people were upset when two iconic industrial quayside cranes were demolished. Only 24 of the 680 new jobs at the BBC in Salford had gone to local people

Question 19

SALFORD QUAYS: What did national government want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?

Answer 19

Want - project to fit in with national priorities (Northern Powerhouse)
Measure success by - reduced out migration, increase regional output/GVA

Question 20

SALFORD QUAYS: What did local businesses want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?

Answer 20

Want - increased local population, especially of wealthier residents
Measure succes by - rising population, hiring rates

Question 21

SALFORD QUAYS: What did local council want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?

Answer 21

Want - improvement in external image to encourage inward investment, reduced deprivation
Measures success by - job creation, IMD, areas of land brought back into usage

Question 22

SALFORD QUAYS: What did property developers want from regeneration, and how did they measure the success of the project?

Answer 22

Want - profit, good image to drive sales
Measures by - profit v investment ratios, increased land values

Question 23

Who are rural stakeholders?

Answer 23

• landowners
• farmers
• government’s Defra (department for environment, food and rural affairs)
• National Parks

Question 24

Where are hotly contested rural regions?

Answer 24

• urban-rural fringe
• greenbelts
• National Parks

Question 25

What is the history behind the North Antrim Coast?

Answer 25

The Giant’s Causeway area was designated a World Heritage site in 1986 due to it’s unique geology and striking landscape

Question 26

What were the plans for regeneration on the North Antrim Coast?

Answer 26

Plans to develop a £100 million golf resort called Bushmill Dunes

Question 27

Who were the opponents to the Bushmill golf course and what were their reasons for opposition?

Answer 27

National Trust and UNESCO
Landscape change too close to the protected coastline, in a protected ‘buffer zone’

Question 28

What were the reasons for the regeneration plan on the North Antrim Coast?

Answer 28

Tourism could help to secure Northern Ireland’s prosperity - Causeway already attracts hundreds of millions of visitors annually

Question 29

Why was the Eden Project a successful regeneration scheme?

Answer 29

The management was a partnership between public and private investors ALONGSIDE local planners

Question 30

What is the Egan Wheel?

Answer 30

Devised to help facilitate the process of planning and designing new sustainable places - can be used to assess how sustainable the community or idea being developed is.