Regents Review Set 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What does the same substance always have?
The same density
This is a fundamental property of substances, indicating consistency in mass per unit volume.
What happens to density as pressure increases?
Density increases
This relationship is due to the compacting of molecules under higher pressure.
What happens to density as temperature increases?
Density decreases
This occurs because heating causes substances to expand, increasing volume and decreasing density.
What happens to water when it freezes?
Water expands
This unique property is why ice floats on water.
Most changes in the environment are ______.
cyclic
Cyclic changes refer to patterns that repeat over time, such as seasons.
Water is densest at what temperature?
4°C
At this temperature, water achieves its maximum density in liquid form.
What is the true shape of the earth?
OBLATE SPHEROID
This shape is a result of the earth’s rotation, causing it to bulge at the equator.
What is the best model of the earth’s shape?
spherical
While the earth is an oblate spheroid, a spherical model is often used for simplicity.
The altitude of Polaris equals your ______.
latitude
This is a navigational aid used in astronomy for determining latitude in the northern hemisphere.
Latitude lines go in which direction?
east-west
These lines are parallel and help define geographical locations.
Are latitude lines parallel or perpendicular?
parallel
This characteristic helps in mapping and navigation.
Longitude lines go in which direction?
north-south
These lines converge at the poles and are used to measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Longitude is based on observations of what celestial body?
the sun
Historically, the position of the sun was used to determine local time and thus longitude.
Where do longitude lines touch?
at the poles
This convergence point is essential for understanding global navigation.
What does a steeper line indicate in a graph?
greater/faster change
The slope of a line in a graph reflects the rate of change of one variable with respect to another.
How many seismometer stations are needed to locate an epicenter?
3
This triangulation method allows for accurate determination of an earthquake’s origin.
What type of waves can P waves travel through?
solids and liquids
P waves, or primary waves, are the fastest seismic waves.
What type of waves can S waves travel through?
solids only
S waves, or secondary waves, do not travel through liquids, making them useful in understanding the Earth’s interior.
Which waves are faster: P waves or S waves?
P waves
This speed difference is critical in earthquake analysis.
What geological feature marks a subduction zone?
trenches
Trenches are formed where one tectonic plate is forced under another.
What is graded bedding?
vertical sorting of sediments
It shows a change in energy levels in sedimentary environments.
What characterizes glacial sediments?
unsorted, scratched, U-shaped valley
These features indicate the past movement of glaciers.
Where is stream velocity faster?
on the outside of a meander bend
This occurs due to the curvature of the stream, which influences flow speed.
What factors does stream velocity depend on?
slope and discharge
These elements determine how quickly water flows in a stream.
