region neuroanatomy II Flashcards Preview

MBB Part I > region neuroanatomy II > Flashcards

Flashcards in region neuroanatomy II Deck (14)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Sections of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamusm subthalamus, epithalamus

2
Q

2 major functions of the hypothatlamus

A

neuroendocrine and autonomic. major output system for the limbic system

3
Q

what important hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus as part of its autonomic function?

A

oxytocin and vasopressin. also hormone releasing and inhibiting factors for the pituitary gland.

4
Q

Where is the subthalamus? What happens if you lesion one of the subthalamic nuclei?

A

subthlamus is related to the basal ganglia with direct connections to the globus pallduse. lesions cause involuntary movements on the contalateral limbs: hemiballismus

5
Q

What structures are in the epithalamus?

A
  1. pineal gland
  2. habenular nuclei
  3. habenular commissure
    significant limbic connections
6
Q

What is important to know about the pineal gland? (imaging, wha does it secrete)?

A

calcifies in many adults and can be a midline marker. it secretes melatonin- involved in diurnal rhythms and sleep.

7
Q

What happens with tumors of the pineal gland?

A

compress the cerebral aqueduct and the pretectum: leads to paralysis of upgaze and obstructive hydroencephalus (Parinaud’s syndrome)

8
Q

What are the two parts of the brain stem?

A

mesencephalon (midbrain) and rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

9
Q

What are the two components of the rhombencephalon?

A

metencepholon (pons and cerebellum)

myelencephalon (medulla)

10
Q

What are the three regions of the brain stem?

A
  1. tectum (roof)
  2. tegmentum (core)
  3. Base
11
Q

What is contained in the tectum?

A

the superior and inferior colliculi (quadrigenminal bodies). superior does vision, inferior does hearing

12
Q

What is found in the tegumentum?

A

reticular formation, craneal nerve nuclei and ascending lemniscal sensory tracts

13
Q

What is fournd in the base of the brain stem?

A

most ventral portion of midbrain, pons, and medulla

cerebral peduncles, basis pontis, and medullary pyramids located in the base of the brainstem

14
Q

What are the 5 functional components of the brain stem?

A

motor, sensory, autonomic, cerebellar, reticular formation