Regional Anatomy

Question 1

Greater length than width
Consist of shaft and extremities (ends)
Slightly curved for strength
Examples: femur, tibia, humerus, ulna, radius

Answer 1

Long bones

Question 2

Nearly equal in length and width

Examples: carpal bones of wrist (except pisiform, which is a sesamoid bone)

Answer 2

short

Question 3

Generally thin
Provide for protection
Extensive areas for muscle attachment
Examples: cranial bones, sternum, ribs, scapulae

Answer 3

Flat bones

Question 4

Develop in certain tendons that have considerable friction, tension, and physical stress
Vary from person to person
Not always completely ossified
Examples: patellae

Answer 4

Sesamoid bones

Question 5

Functions
protect tendons from excessive wear and tear
may change the direction of pull of a tendon, thereby improving the mechanical advantage at a joint

Answer 5

Sesamoid bones

Question 6

This type of bone is classified by location rather than shape
Small bones that are located in sutures between cranial bones

Answer 6

Sutural bones

Question 7

Number varies greatly from person to person
Apparently formed due to additional ossification centers in or near sutures
Most commonly found in the lambdoid suture, but also seen in other sutures

Answer 7

Sutural bones

Question 8

Complex shapes that prevent grouping them into one of the previous categories
Examples: vertebrae, hip bones, calcaneus

Answer 8

irregular

Question 9

participate in joints, or

allow the passage of soft tissue

Answer 9

Depressions and openings

Question 10

Processes are:

Answer 10

projections or outgrowths

either help form joints or serve as attachment points for connective tissue

Question 11

opening

Answer 11

foramen

Question 12

shallow depression

Answer 12

fossa

Question 13

groove

Answer 13

sulcus

Question 14

tubelike passageway or canal

Answer 14

meatus

Question 15

large, round prominence at the end of a bone, typically part of a joint

Answer 15

condyle

Question 16

bony prominence on each side of the ankle

Answer 16

malleolus

Question 17

smooth flat articular surface

Answer 17

facet

Question 18

prominent ridge or elongated projection

Answer 18

crest

Question 19

very large projection

Answer 19

trochanter

Question 20

large, rounded, typically roughened projection

Answer 20

tuberosity

Question 21

small, rounded projection

Answer 21

tubercle

Question 22

the bone that does not move when muscle shortens

Answer 22

origin

Question 23

the movable bone

Answer 23

Insertion

Question 24

the fleshy portion of the muscle in between attachment sites

Answer 24

belly

Question 25

Characteristics used to name muscles

Answer 25

``` Pattern of the muscle’s fascicles Size of the muscle Shape of the muscle Action of the muscle Number of origins Location of the muscle Sites of both origin and insertion of the muscle ```

Question 26

fascicles parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate at either end in flat tendons.

Answer 26

Parallel (fascicles)

Question 27

fascicles nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle; terminate in flat tendons; muscle tapers toward tendons, where diameter is less than at belly

Answer 27

Fusiform (fascicles)

Question 28

Fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice

Answer 28

circular (fascicles)

Question 29

Fascicles spread over a broad area, and converge at a thick central tendon, giving muscle a triangular appearance

Answer 29

Triangular (convergent) fascicles

Question 30

Fascicles are short in relation to total muscle length, and are arranged on only one side of the tendon

Answer 30

Unipenate fascicle

Question 31

Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons which extend nearly the entire length of the muscle

Answer 31

bipennate

Question 32

Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions to several tendons, which in turn extend nearly the entire length of the muscle

Answer 32

multipennate