regional and pain

Question 1

match the following terms: descending signals affect pain transmission

a. transdxn
b. transmission
c. perception
d. modulation

Answer 1

d

Question 2

match the following terms: impulses transmitted to dorsal horn of spinal cord

a. transdxn
b. transmission
c. perception
d. modulation

Answer 2

b

Question 3

match the following terms: mechanical stim converted to electrical signals

a. transdxn
b. transmission
c. perception
d. modulation

Answer 3

a

Question 4

match the following terms: signal recognized by brain (cortex)

a. transdxn
b. transmission
c. perception
d. modulation

Answer 4

c

Question 5

match the drug to the receptor: mu

a. precedex
b. tapentalol
c. magnesium
d. SSRI
e. morphine

Answer 5

b, e

Question 6

match the drug to the receptor: alpha 2

a. precedex
b. tapentalol
c. magnesium
d. SSRI
e. morphine

Answer 6

a

Question 7

match the drug to the receptor: 5-HT

a. precedex
b. tapentalol
c. magnesium
d. SSRI
e. morphine

Answer 7

d

Question 8

match the drug to the receptor: NMDA

a. precedex
b. tapentalol
c. magnesium
d. SSRI
e. morphine

Answer 8

c

Question 9

the neural responses to traumatic or noxious stim is known as

a. sensation
b. visceral pain
c. nocioception
d. stimulation

Answer 9

c

Question 10

the metzak-wall theory propses a gating mechanism at the __________ level

a. dorsal horn
b. spinothalamic tract
c. thalmic
d. cortical

Answer 10

a

Question 11

afferent pain fibers synapse with second order neurons in the ______ of the spinal cord

a. dorsal horn
b. ventral horn
c. ascending spinothalamic tract
d. lamina VIII & X

Answer 11

a

Question 12

which types of neurons transmit NON-pain impulses from the periphery to the CNS? Select all that apply

a. A-alpha
b. A-beta
c. A-delta
d. beta fibers
e. c fibers

Answer 12

a, b

Question 13

when stimulated, which brain area releases enkephalins?

a. PGA
b. neuclei raphe magnus
c. central gyrus
d. thalmus

Answer 13

a

Question 14

which medication is multimodal when given alone? Select all that apply.

a. tramadol
b. oxycodone
c. tapentalol
d. clonidine

Answer 14

a, c

Question 15

which spinal nerve root is not in the brachial plexus?

a. C6
b. C3
c. C5
d. C4

Answer 15

b

Question 16

which block would be appropriate for a shoulder sx of 2 hrs?

a. interscalene
b. axillary
c. infraclavicular
d. supraclavicular

Answer 16

a

Question 17

which nerve lies posterior to the axillary artery?

a. median
b. ulnar
c. musculocutaneous
d. radial

Answer 17

d

Question 18

epicritic pain is transmitted by lightly myelenated A-delta fibers

a. true
b. false

Answer 18

b

Question 19

T/F patients can experience pain in the absence of noxious stimuli

Answer 19

true

Question 20

T/F somatic pain is often due to distension of organ capsules

Answer 20

False

Question 21

T/F pain is perceived in the cerebral cortex in the area of the sylvan fissure

Answer 21

true

Question 22

T/F spinal cord lamina I and II are the primary locus of the synapse of afferent pain fibers with interneurons

Answer 22

true

Question 23

T/F a paravertebral block works primarily by diffusion through the dura into the CSF

Answer 23

false

Question 24

match the nerve block to the level at which is is done: terminal nerves
a. infraclavicular
b. axillary
c supraclavicular
d. interscalene

Answer 24

b

Question 25

``` match the nerve block to the level at which is is done: trunks a. infraclavicular b. axillary c supraclavicular d. interscalene ```

Answer 25

c

Question 26

``` match the nerve block to the level at which is is done: roots a. infraclavicular b. axillary c supraclavicular d. interscalene ```

Answer 26

d

Question 27

``` match the nerve block to the level at which is is done: cords a. infraclavicular b. axillary c supraclavicular d. interscalene ```

Answer 27

a

Question 28

which nerve will NOT be anesthetized in an axillary block technique? a. median b. ulnar c. radial d. musculocutaneous

Answer 28

d

Question 29

the spinal nerves that form the brachial plexus primarily emerge from which vertebrae? a. C3-T1 b. C4-T2 c. C5-T1 d. C6-T2

Answer 29

c

Question 30

which is the most effective place to inject for an intercostal nerve block in an adult? a. posterior axillary line b. anterior axillary line c. angle of the rib d. midaxillary line e. paraspinous muscle

Answer 30

c

Question 31

which of the following is NOT a surface landmark for the interscalene block? a. lateral border of sternocleidomastoid muscle b. interscalene grove c. medial border of inferior scalene muscle d. cricoid cartilege

Answer 31

c

Question 32

according to the NYSORA, which of the following is NOT a safe peripheral nerve injection recommendation? a. use short bevel needles for blocks b. inject slowly with small volumes and aspirate frequently c. seek paresthesia during placment of the block d. avoid blocking the patient under GA

Answer 32

c

Question 33

the higher the frequency of the ultrasound wave, the better resolution of the u/s image but the ______ will be lower. a. resolution b. reflection c. penetration d. absorption

Answer 33

c

Question 34

in an out of plane view, the needle is _____ to the u/s probe a. parallel b. perpendicular c. lateral d. aligned

Answer 34

b

Question 35

T/F a hyperechoic structure reflects large amounts of u/s waves and will appear dark on your monitor screen

Answer 35

false