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Geopolitics of World Regions > Regional Organziations > Flashcards

Regional Organziations Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

EC

A

European Community

1958

first wave regionalism econocomic institution

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2
Q

LAS

A

League of Arab States

Arab League 1945

First wave regionalism, Multipurpose organization.
22 Arab countries (Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Dijbouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen.
A regional political and economic organization focused on Arab unity and development.
Founded in Cairo in 1945

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3
Q

OAS

A

the Organization of American States

32 members founded in 1948

First wave regionalism multipurpose org

est to promote cooperation in the Americas

human rights, electoral oversight, social and econ dev, and security in the Western hemisphere

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4
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1949 (30 countries from NAmerica and Europe

1st wave of regionailsm security alliance

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5
Q

the Warsaw Pact

A

1st wave of regionalism security org

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6
Q

The Rio Pact

A

1st wave of regionalism security org

1947

“an armed attack by any state shall be considered as an attack against all the American States … “
collective security

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7
Q

SEATO

A

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

1954-77 US, FR, UK, NZ, Philippines, Thailand, and Pakistan

1st wave of regionalism security org
To prevent communism from gaining ground in the region

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8
Q

PAFTA

A

Peru-Australia Free Trade Agreement

1st wave of regionalism economic institution

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9
Q

LAFTA

A

Latine American Free Trade Association

1st wave of regionalism economic institution

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10
Q

SADCC/SADC

A

Southern African Development Community

1st wave of regionalism (developmental org.) part of 3rd wave revitilize

SADCC 1980 -> SADC 1992

14 southern African countries: Angola, Botswana, Comoros, DRC, Eswatini, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe

trade and economic development efforts
(increasingly peacekeeping)

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11
Q

OAU

A

Organization of African Unity -> now the AU (Africa Union)

1st wave of regionalism developmental org

1963 (replaced by AU in ‘02)

to promote the unity and solidarity of the African states

to secure Africa’s long-term econ and political future

dedicated to the eradication of all forms of colonialism

55 member states (all of Africa)

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12
Q

The non-alignment movement

A

Formally declared non-alignment with or against any Great power

original members: Yugoslavia, India, Egypt, Ghana, Indonesia

2nd wave of regionalism

In response to cold war bipoliarity

1955 Bandung Conference in Belgrade

security of non-aligned countries in their struggle against: imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialims, racsim, foregin agression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony from any great power or bloc

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13
Q

OIC

A

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation

2nd wave of regionalism

57 member states

attempts to ve the collective voice of the muslim world (Ummah)
2nd largest international organization

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14
Q

ASEAN

A

Association of Southeast Asia Nations

2nd wave of regionalism - 1961

Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, and Brunei

Promotes econ growth and peach with in the region

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15
Q

ECOWAS

A

Economic Community of West African States

2nd wave of regionalism - 1975

Also known as CEDEAO

poli/econ union + peace keeping

15 West African countries: Benin, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo (Burkina Faso / Mali / Guinea / Niger suspended)

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16
Q

AMU

A

Arab Maghreb Union

2nd wave of regionalism -1988 first summit

poli eocn union / trade agreement

Algeria, Libya, Mauratania, Morocco, and Tunisia

North Africa West of Egypt

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17
Q

GCC

A

Gulf Cooperation Council

2nd wave of regionalism - 1981

Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE

regional, itnergovernmental, political and econ union

all members are monarchies

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18
Q

MERCOSUR

A

Mercado Comun del Sur 1991-Treaty of Asuncion

Third wave of regionalism

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Venezuela is suspended since 2016 and the rest of SA are associate countries)
Trade alliance aimed at boosting the regional economy, moving goods, people, workfroce, and capital.
Was frist a free trade xone and then a customs union

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19
Q

CIS

A

Commonwealh of Independent States (1991)

Third wave of regionalism

a regional intergovernemntal orgnaziation in Eurasion formed after the dissolution of the USSR

encourages cooperation in econ/poli/mil affairs as well as cross-border crime prevention

Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan

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20
Q

SCO

A

Shanghai Cooperation Organization (2001)

3rd wave of regionalism

China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzatan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikstan

common security threats, economi cooperation, and cultural exchange in Central Asia

Succesor to the Shanghai Five

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21
Q

UN

A

United Nations - 1945

Supernational/universal organzation

founded post wwii by 51 countries committed to maintaining peace, progress, and human rights

5 permanent UN security council members: China, France, Russia, UK, USA

10 non-permanent (2023): Ecuador, Japan, Malta, Mozambique, Switzerland, South Korea, Algeria, Sierra Leone, Guyana, Slovenia

US contributes 0 peace keeping troops but is the #1 financial contributer (Japan is #2)
Contributes the most troops: Bangladesh > Ethiopia > India > Pakistan > Rwanda > Nepal > Senegal > Ghana > China > Nigeria

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22
Q

EU

A

European Union

Regional organziation

1993 Masstricht treaty

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23
Q

WTO

A

World Trade Organization

Global level org

established 1995 after the Marrakesh Agreement

HQ in Geneva Switzerland

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24
Q

League of Nations

A

(1920-1946) established after Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points post WWII

Global level org

failed as nations pulled out to be expantionist in WWII
US never joined (Japan in Manchuria, Italy in Abyssinia, Germany in CZ, Spanish civil war)

if you don’t punish aggression than….

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25
BRICS
Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (2009) | Inter-regional level org ## Footnote since added Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and UAE govs meet anually to coordinate mulitilateral policies since 2009 rival to G7 bloc
26
The G7
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, US, and EU ## Footnote an itnergovernmental poli/econ forum pluralism, liberal democracy, and representatice gov major IMF advanced economies
27
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (1960) | inter-regional level oganization ## Footnote Algeria, Republic of the Congo, Equeetorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela
28
MFO
Multinational Force and Observers | example of a military org ## Footnote to supervise the implementation fo the security provisions of the Egyptian-Israeli Treaty of Peace (1981)
29
Francophonie
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (1970) ## Footnote countries where French is the customary language or a sig portion of the pop speaks it 88 member states
30
CSTO
Collective Security Treaty Organization (2002) | military alliance in Eurasia ## Footnote 6 post-USSR states: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakstan, Kyrgystan, Russia, and Tajikistan
31
ECCAS -> CEMAC
Economic Community of Central African States | monetary union around the central african franc (CFA) ## Footnote ECCAS 1983 -> CEMAC 1999 Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe
32
CEDC
Central European Defense Cooperation (2010) | a politically driven defense pact ## Footnote Military collaboration btw Central European States Austria, Croatioa, the CZ, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia) Security and defense platform for participants to discuss , develop, and promote common interests
33
NORDEFCO
Nordic Defense Cooperation (2009) | Geographical type of defense pact ## Footnote 5 states: denmark, finland, iceland, norway, and sweden
34
JEF
UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force | Geographical type of defense pact ## Footnote UK, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and the Netherlands Training, exercise, SMO, rapid RF agile, flexible force ready to react on behalf of NATO
35
TTF
Takuba Task Force (2020-22) | operational type of defense pact ## Footnote European mil task force under French command established to advise, assist, and accompany Malian Armed Forces in coordination with G5-Sahel partners
36
EDF
European Defense Fund (2017) | capability development type of defense pact ## Footnote The European Commision's instrument to support Research and Development in defense
37
UDCG
Ukraine Defense Contact Group | Ad hoc defense regional org ## Footnote For coordinating mil assistnace to Ukraine
38
C-ISL
Counter ISIL in Syria and Iraq expanded into Afghanistan and Western Africa | Ad hoc defense regional org
39
Group 77
Representing what we see as the global south | maintian ndependence of developing countries, econ dev, shared issues ## Footnote All UN members except council of Europe (except BiH), organziation for economic cooperation and development (except Chile), commonwealth of independent states (except Tajikistan), 2 microstates: Palau and Tuvali
40
CoE
Council of Europe | est. 1949 ## Footnote to prevent conflict and promote edu, democracy, human rights. only regional framework bringing all european countries distinct from EU
41
CEFTA
Central European Free Trade Agreement | not very successful - boost regional cooperation in the Balkans (1992) ## Footnote Non EU Southeastern European countries: Albania, BiH, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia fromer members: Bulgaria, Croatia, CZ, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia (ended membership when joined the EU)
42
BENELUX
Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg | est. 1940s ish ## Footnote Now used more generally to refer to the geographic, economic, and cultural grouping HQ Brussels "most integrated region"
43
V4
VIsegard | 1991 Central European political alliance ## Footnote CZ, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia Cooperation around the military, eocnomic, cultural and energy affairs All are EU, NATO, and Bucharest Nine members
44
APEC
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization (1989) | free trade thruout the Asia-Pacific region ## Footnote 21 members In response to the growing interdependence of Asia-Pacific econs and the invention of regional trade blocs in other parts of the world
45
ASEAN +3
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (founded 1961) + China, South Korea, and Japan (1997) | 1997 promotion of trade and investment + market stability in region ## Footnote the 10 ASEAN member states (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) + (China, Japan, and South Korea)
46
SAARC
South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (1985) ## Footnote Launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka Economic and political with goals of socioeconomic dev of member states thru increased intra-regional cooperation
47
ANZUS
The Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty ## Footnote 1951 non-binding collective security agreement
48
CEI
Central European Intiative | 17 members formed 1989-91 ## Footnote regional intergovernemntal forum including central, eastern, and south eastern europe
49
Nordic Council
1952 - Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden | formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation ## Footnote common problem solving
50
Schengen Area
largest free travel area in the world estbalished 1985 | 29 european countries
51
Baltic Assembly
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 1991 ## Footnote to coordinate cooperation btw the national parliaments of the Baltics
52
EZ
The Eurozone | currency uinion of 20 member states of the EU ## Footnote euro was introduced in 1999
53
EEA
European Economic Area | EU countries + Norway + Liechstenstein + Iceland ## Footnote allows to be part of EU's single market
54
BSEC
Black Sea Economic Cooperation - 1992 | political and econ intiative for peace/stability/prosperity in black sea ## Footnote 13 member states: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Hellenic Republic, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine
55
EFTA
European Free Trade Association (1960) | an alt for if you dont want to be in EEC but did want in a trade bloc ## Footnote promotion of free trade and econ integration Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland In parallel with EU
56
CARICOM
Caribbean Community | 1973 - Treaty of Chaguaramas -- 15 full members ## Footnote coordinating econ policies and development planning devising special projects for less-developed countries operating as a regional single market for many of its members handling regional trade disputes dependent on US + links to EU countries
57
ACS
Association of Caribbean States | 25 member states ## Footnote promote cooperation and concerted action amonf all countries of the Caribbean coastal area promote greater trade btw the nations, enhance transportations, and sustainable tourism, and reactions to natural diseasters
58
CENTO
Central Treaty Organization (1955-1979) | from the bahgdad pact ## Footnote instrument of colonial influence and US containment
59
United Arab Republic
formed in response to CENTO by Egypt's Nasser | 1958-1961
60
CSCE / OSCE
Conference on Security and Co-operation In Europe | 2nd wave of regionalism (1973) ## Footnote most of europe and north america (57) pan-European security institution very cold war
61
ACC
The Arab Cooperation Council | 2nd wave of regionalism ## Footnote to contain Iraq Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt 1989 dissolved in the 90s
62
ARF
ASEAN Regional Forum | third wave regionalism ## Footnote 10 ASEAN Members (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) + Australia, Canada, China, EU, India, NZ, Korea, Russia, and US coutner-terrorism and transnational crimes information and communications technology security disaster relief maritime security non-proliferation and disarmament
63
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement | 3rd wave of regionalism (1994) ## Footnote trilateral trade bloc btw Canada, Mexico, and US elimination or reduction of barriers to reade and investment btw the 3 countries
64
PIF
Pacific Islands Forum | revitalized in the 3rd wave of regionalization ## Footnote enhance cooperation among countries/territories of Oceania trace blocs and peacekeeping ops founded in 1971 as the South Pacific Forum (SPF) 18 natiosn
65
IGAD
Intergovernmental Authority on Development | revitalized in the 3rd wave of regionalization (IGADD 1986->IGAD 1996) ## Footnote trade bloc in the horn of Africa Djibouti, Ethiopia, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan

Geopolitics of World Regions (6 decks)

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