Regulation in humans Flashcards
(19 cards)
Define excretion
the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter
State the organs of the urinary system
Kidney (x2), Ureter (x2), Bladder, Urethra
Outline how urine leaves the body from the kidney
The urine from kidneys goes through the ureters into the bladder. The urine then leaves the bladder and out of the body through the urethra.
What is a nephron?
the microscopic structural and functional unit of kidney. Its job is to produce urine.
Describe the function of the convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
Selective reabsorption of water. This means that the amount of water that is reabsorbed into the bloodstream changes based on the body’s water requirement (for reabsorption to occur ADH has been released)
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
the endocrine system is part of the body’s communication system and is responsible for regulating the activities of other body systems.
What are glands?
Organs that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
What are endocrine hormones?
Chemical signalling molecules secreted by the endocrine glands. Hormones travel in the bloodstream and reach their target cells/organs to bring about changes in the target cells/organs’ activities.
Name three hormones found in a human.
Insulin, Glucagon, ADH
what is the role of pancreas in the endocrine system?
pancreas secretes hormones that regulate blood glucose levels.
What does the memory cue “BIGA” tell us?
Beta cells in the pancreas secrete Insulin. Glucagon is secreted by Alpha cells in the pancreas.
If drawing a feedback loop, state the headings you need to start with
Stimulus
Receptor
Co-ordinator
Effector
Response
(negative feedback written over the arrow between response and stimulus)
Define stimulus
Change in the environment
State where the receptors for detecting blood temperature are found
Thermoregulatory Centre in the hypothalamus
State an effector for the stimulus of blood temperature being too high
Sweat glands releasing sweat. This means that more heat is lost by evaporation.
Blood vessels/Arteries vasodilate. This means that there is more blood flow to the surface of the skin and more heat lost by radiation.
Define homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment, within narrow limits, in the face of external change.
What is Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the process of maintaining a stable water and salt content in the blood
State the name of the receptors in the brain that detect blood water content
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
